Kirsten Zirkel
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Military power in German colonial policy
The Schutztruppen and their leaders in East and South-West Africa, 1888–1918
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The establishment of the Schutztruppen in the 1890s was the result of the failure of the early German colonial system. The apparent need for military power to exercise colonial rule put the Schutztruppen leaders into a strong political position. The military forces, according to the Colonial Department, were to prepare the ground for administrative and economic development in the protectorates. German South-West Africa and German East Africa provide graphic evidence of the militarization of the Reich's colonial policy from its very beginning. The militarization of colonial policy in East Africa was extended from the lowest level of the administration in the interior to the highest level of colonial policy formulation. At the highest level in Germany, the internal power shift from the civilian to the military side of government also led to a temporary militarization of colonial policy.

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