Wan-Chuan Kao
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Desiring white object
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This chapter reads the Middle English poem Pearl, arguing that materiality and fragility are key to understanding the poem’s engagement with desire and salvation. Whiteness, as embodied in the Pearl–Maiden’s body and clothes, signifies not only the purity and virginity of the Maiden but also the emerging spirituality of the urban middling classes, exemplified in the figure of the Dreamer–Jeweller. I then draw on the psychoanalytic works of Lacan and Žižek to examine the play of distance between the Dreamer and the Pearl–Maiden, as well as the use of the vanishing point and Derridean framing devices in the poem. The Maiden, as the Lady–Object, or the Lacanian object a, simultaneously attracts the Dreamer and keeps him at a distance across the stream. But if distance is crucial to the poem’s affective labour of mourning, then whiteness complicates desire’s play of proximity. The Dreamer is doomed to encircle endlessly both the Maiden and the Lamb of God at the heart of the New Jerusalem, whose whiteness is marred by a bleeding wound at its centre: a sign of the Dreamer’s trauma and of the woundedness of desire itself. I then examine the poem’s deliberate silence over the physical whitening of pearls; the Maiden embodies the object’s concealment of labour. Whiteness becomes a marker of artifice and the erasure of its history of production. This temporal erasure precipitates in the Dreamer’s inability to move beyond mourning. And white fragilisation is the process by which the normativity of whiteness congeals into cultural praxes.

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