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Shylock and the pressures of history
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In performance, perhaps no play by Shakespeare has been subject to the pressures of history (or, in the words of Jonathan Miller, 'held hostage to contemporary issues') more forcibly than The Merchant of Venice. Particularly since Irving's landmark production of 1879, treatment of Shylock has focused the attention of Western audiences on the question of whether the play is anti-Semitic. If Arnold Wesker, however indirectly, exposes Shakespeare's text as both a product and a cause of anti-Semitism, others have more blatantly implicated The Merchant of Venice in the history of Jewish oppression by calling into question the purposes for which it has been performed. Furthermore, events of the past century have attached new meanings to events within the play and have compelled audiences to view The Merchant through the lens of Jewish history. Shakespeare knew that the proof of a play was in performance.

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Shakespeare in Performance

The Merchant of Venice

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