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Segue – The Merchant of Venice
Pressures of war, ideology, and the crises of late capitalism
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The Segue surveys major interpretative shifts in the performance of The Merchant of Venice from the 1930s through the second decade of the twenty-first century. It challenges the view of the play as a favourite propaganda tool of the Nazi regime, and contextualises attempts to place it in the service of fascist ideology. An overview of European productions from the rise of fascism through the Second World War reveals a prevalence of philo-Semitic and anti-Nazi readings. Under the different post-war totalitarian regimes, the play mostly disappeared from stage. Radical performances by directors like Peter Zadek, in the 1970s and 1980s, refocused the thinking around Shylock and brought economic clashes to the fore; in the 1990s, Peter Sellars shed light on the connections between economic and racial conflicts. After 1989, a rich panoply of approaches from Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia) grappled with the social and moral crises of the post-communist transition, while new histories of oppression informed productions and adaptations from the Netherlands, France, and Germany. The chapter traces early twenty-first-century processes of revising and fragmenting Shakespeare’s text, of challenging it directly, or appropriating it to speak to the intersecting stories of victimisation of Black and Brown people, Muslims, immigrants, women, queer people, etc. Such radical transformations have used The Merchant as a source for new narratives, not unlike Shakespeare’s treatment of his own sources.

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Shakespeare in Performance

The Merchant of Venice

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