Pablo de Orellana
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The diplomacy of the First Vietnam War
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This chapter applies the method advanced in this book to the US turn to assist France in Indochina. It firstly reviews historical efforts to understand how reporting came ‘to demonize Hồ Chí Minh and the Viet Minh movement as full-fledged communists’, setting the stage to show how this method can contribute to this much-studied case by revealing how this happened in diplomatic knowledge production. The second section maps the institutional paths travelled by diplomatic communications and the archival sources used, while the third determines how representations were inscribed by analysing six texts in detail and identifying topoi textual markers signposting their presence and articulation. The fourth section follows these markers through French, American and Vietnamese diplomatic knowledge production 1948-1945 to trace how representations developed in and through the three cascades and, crucially, how convincing they were, determined by accounting for their presence, longevity, and crossover to another state’s diplomatic knowledge production. The final section gathers analytical insights, discussing how representations of Vietminh and France were interdependent and unstable. When their stabilisation in 1947 made French descriptions credible, French representation of Vietminh gradually crossed over to US reporting while, at the State Department, US diplomatic reporting concerning Communist activity gained attention as colonial grievances increasingly fell out of reporting.

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Hand of the prince

How diplomacy describes subjects, territory, time, and norms

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