Susan C. Staub
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Shakespeare’s ‘baleful mistletoe’
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This essay looks at the botanical imagery in Titus Andronicus in order to interrogate the nature of revenge tragedy. In particular, it examines Shakespeare’s mistletoe image, a plant rich in mythic and legendary significance, but also noted in the period for its reputedly poisonous nature and for its mysterious propagation. Speculated to be poisonous, mistletoe was also deemed a ‘preservative against all poisons’ and was frequently given the name ‘All Heal’. As a kind of homoeopathic remedy where like heals like, mistletoe poisons in order to heal; likewise, revenge tragedy seeks to purge violence with violence, thereby restoring the body politic. Mistletoe’s noxious effects thus can serve as an analogy for the degradation and paradoxically generative poisoning of the Andronici line and of Rome.  Revenge is feminised in the play as a fecund, breeding entity, so excessive in its fertility as to be potentially deadly. Revenge begets revenge. The revenge action in the play replicates the life cycle of mistletoe, mysteriously breeding and self-perpetuating. In its seemingly chaotic growth that threatens to overtake its host, mistletoe mirrors the social disintegration of the revenge plot. Yet by yoking the revenge action to generating plant bodies, particularly mistletoe, Shakespeare effectively creates a macrocosmic perspective that undermines, or at least reconfigures, revenge tragedy within the larger context of the cycles of nature.

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Poison on the early modern English stage

Plants, paints and potions

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