Subarna Mondal
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‘Death’s counterfeit’
The art of undying and the Machiavels in The Jew of Malta and Alphonsus, Emperor of Germany
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The medical uses of opium, henbane, black poppy, mandrake, and belladonna for the inducement of sleep and the alleviation of pain were well-recognised in early modern England through a variety of writings. A credulous Elizabethan audience and stories travelling from the Continent helped in adding layers to stories of drugged victims who appeared dead for days, and the mystery of a pseudo-death followed by a quasi-resurrection had a tremendous appeal for contemporary audiences with a taste for the sensational and the macabre. Soporifics that ape the functions of poison by escorting the body into a mock-death state featured significantly in a wide range of early modern English drama. The supposedly envenomed potion that is deliberately administered to achieve a goal and the role such administrations play in early modern Machiavellian plays is the concern of this chapter. The Jew of Malta and Alphonsus, Emperor of Germany are the foregrounded texts, as these two plays focus on two contrasting aspects of these draughts: self-preservation (as in the case of Barabas) and as an aid to smooth the process of assassination (in the case of Alphonsus). By applying a post-humanist reading of Giorgio Agamben’s Homo Sacer, this chapter attempts to study, first, how contemporary Machiavels exploited this liminal status of the body by redefining the bounds of both ‘bare life’ and ‘qualified life’, and second, to examine why the staging of these mock-deaths based on the use of subdititious poisons was so recurrent a motif in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama.

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Poison on the early modern English stage

Plants, paints and potions

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