Umer Karim
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Interregional embedded security model
Turkish and Emirati engagement in the Horn of Africa
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The Horn of Africa occupies an important strategic position overlooking the Bab el-Mandeb strait. The new political and security dynamics emerging between the Horn and the Middle East can be better understood by exploring the idea of interregional embedded security, which essentially is a critique and complication of the regional security complex (RSC) theorization. A plethora of Middle Eastern states have initiated political and security engagement with Horn of Africa states; but the most prominent among them, and critical in terms of their impacts, have been Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the Turkish case the focus remains on cementing strong economic linkages with the countries in the region and positioning itself as a principal trade partner while also investing in a strategic manner to reap not only economic rewards but also the political prestige that comes from successful engagement with fragile regions and failed states. The UAE’s political objectives remain largely security oriented. This engagement works well to elevate the UAE’s political status from a Gulf commercial hub to a middle-sized power with a capability to impact upon the strategic and security environment of the both Middle East and Horn of Africa.

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The Gulf States and the Horn of Africa

Interests, influences and instability

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