Roger Luckhurst
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The last days of the urban burial ground
Horror, reform and Gothic fiction
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The reformist impulses of the Anatomy Act of 1832 and the Burial Act of 1852 started to resolve two specific cultural anxieties that dominated the early nineteenth-century perception of the graveyard. The growth of the medical profession outpaced the strictly controlled supply of bodies for dissection, leading to the fifty-year career of the ‘resurrection men’ who supplied newly buried bodies to anatomy schools. This produced a wave of fear that was integral to the first wave of Gothic ʻterror novels’ up to and including Shelley’s Frankenstein and its gruesome graveyard scenes. Twenty years later, the Burial Act addressed the fear of miasmatic disease spreading from overcrowded private burial grounds, consolidating the revolution in suburban garden cemeteries. Again, the scandals of over-burial exposed in the 1830s fuelled another aspect of Gothic horrors, remaining integral to the genre up to and including the pivotal place of the choked inner London pauper ground in Dickens’s Bleak House.

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