David Ashford
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Pandora’s box
The insidious appeal of the Brutalist dystopia
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The fifth chapter considers the third-quarter-century synthesis of the two rival “Freudian” and “Marxist” Modernisms considered in the preceding chapters, and ways in which post-war theory and practice designated “Late Modernist” would be (very successfully) demonised by successive waves of post-modernist critics, particularly in relation to architecture. This chapter will consider the profound reaction from Brutalist architecture that anticipated the general turn to post-modernisms in other disciplines and question many of the widespread assumptions that have developed with regard to this. The ferocity of the debate suggests that the issues at stake here are not merely practical. Those for and against seem to share an irrational faith in the power of the buildings to exert control over the communities they contain, whether for good or for ill, in a manner that must recall the fantastically weird responses to Hawksmoor’s baroque churches in psycho-geographical fiction of this era. The underlying causes of this uncanny effect are identified, analysed, and traced back to the architectural theory that designed such spaces and to the economic theory that required their production. Finally, a peculiar subgenre of the anti-socialist dystopia is defined that is, specifically, anti-Keynesian.

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