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Introduction
Women and madness in the early Romantic novel
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The introduction situates novels by Mary Wollstonecraft, Eliza Fenwick, Mary Hays, Maria Edgeworth, and Amelia Opie within two inter-related eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century contexts: the medical understanding of madness and the sentimental literary convention of the love-mad maid. With sections explaining mania, melancholia, hypochondriasis, and hysteria, the introduction shows how medical models for understanding madness in the period were shifting from a somatic to a psychogenic model except where women's mental afflictions were concerned. The introduction offers a related reading of the convention of the love-mad maid (the woman who loses her mind when she loses her lover) as a figure that permitted society to divert its attention away from the systemic injustices that allowed women to be mentally and emotionally injured by men. The introduction argues that both medical models for female madness and the convention of the love-mad maid provided rationales for male domination that explained women’s madness through inherent physical and mental weakness. The radical authors Wollstonecraft, Fenwick, and Hays, as well as the more moderate Edgeworth and Opie, all recognized that both medical and sentimental renditions of female madness made it possible for male guardians, libertines, and husbands to hide their culpability for inflicting psychological damage on women. The introduction makes the claim that these five authors, through creating psychologically afflicted female characters, critiqued and revised the gender-based power dynamics rooted in medical and sentimental discourses that facilitated male power by circulating models of inherent female frailty.

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Women and madness in the early Romantic novel

Injured minds, ruined lives

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