Deborah Weiss
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Of madness and monitors
Secresy; or, the Ruin on the Rock
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This chapter argues that through writing a novel featuring two mad characters—a man and a woman—Fenwick revises the narrative of love-madness to identify the nexus of male guardianship, libertinism, and gendered Rousseauvian educational ideas, rather than women’s inherent weakness, as the cause of female mental affliction. In a clear rejection of medical models of female frailty, Fenwick casts Sibella Valmont as inherently both mentally and physically strong as she battles her guardian’s attempt to inflict Rousseauvian ideas about women’s natural passivity and docility upon her through an isolated education. She succumbs, however, to a romantic imagination, the product of social isolation and limited intellectual opportunities that make her idealize her libertine lover. Fenwick contrasts Sibella’s madness with that of the young Arthur Murden, who falls more quickly and more easily into love-madness than does Sibella, which further undermines sentimental and medical models of inherent female frailty. Fenwick’s novel is more pessimistic than Wollstonecraft’s in that there is no ambiguity about her character’s fate: she dies from melancholia and the physical effects of hysteria. Moreover, Fenwick actively destroys female friendship as a way for women to maintain their mental health, showing that women’s relationships are battered by the web of male power. In the place of female friendship, Fenwick presents an option that Wollstonecraft never considered in Wrongs of Woman—that men might be persuaded through moral instruction and tragic fiction to change their libertine ways.

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Women and madness in the early Romantic novel

Injured minds, ruined lives

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