Deborah Weiss
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The impossibility of love-madness
The Father and Daughter
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This chapter argues that Amelia Opie rejects physiological models for women’s madness and revises the victimization plots written by Wollstonecraft, Fenwick, and Hays to establish the impossibility of love-madness. Opie does so through turning the story of the love-mad maid into a tale about a love-mad man—about a father who loses his mind when his daughter, Agnes, runs away with an officer. The daughter, too, experiences bouts of madness, but these are caused entirely by her own actions—by her remorse over the mental injury she has inflicted on her father. Although the novel seems to reinforce structures of male control by blaming the daughter for her own and her father’s illnesses, Opie demonstrates a considerably more diverse set of ideas about mental disease and male avenues of power than one might assume. In reversing the narrative of the love-mad maid, Opie shifts gendered power dynamics to make the daughter the guardian of the father after he goes mad. Through the love-mad father and various other ineffectual older men, the novel criticizes patriarchal structures not for abusiveness, but rather for weakness. Opie also downgrades the importance of romantic love for women and gives her female characters considerable self-determination. Although the novel ends with Agnes’s death, Opie, like Edgeworth, resists seeing women as psychologically damaged victims of male control. Instead, women in her novel demonstrate considerable moral and mental strength in that they are capable of great acts of courage and sacrifice in the service of those they love.

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Women and madness in the early Romantic novel

Injured minds, ruined lives

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