Bikrum Gill
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The world-historical agrarian question
Global land rush and the reproduction of the capitalist world-system
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Chapter one critically engages the implications of the agrarian question framework for the study of the global land grab. It begins by recognizing the important emphasis that the agrarian question framework places upon class struggle, particularly as it relates to an emergent capital-labour antagonism, as a key variable in agrarian transitions. While thus constituting a necessary response to the more celebratory accounts of transition forwarded in classical political economy, Western marxist approaches to the agrarian question, the chapter argues, nonetheless fall within what I call a “Eurocentric-anthropocentric” paradigm which privileges Europeans as the exclusive originary agents of agrarian transition. This, consequently, reduces much of the non-European world to a derivative space destined to follow the paths of transition forged earlier by autochthonous European societies. The chapter seeks to reveal that such an origins-diffusion framework informs much of the cautious optimism with which powerful developmental actors and organizations, particularly the World Bank, have identified the surge in global land deals as potential mechanisms for overcoming the stalled agrarian transition in the Global South. It then considers the extent to which more critical world-historical approaches to the agrarian question have overcome the “origins-diffusion” premise, particularly through a foregrounding of the “extra-national” colonial basis of the classical European transitions, and what the implications, in terms of both potentialities and limitations, of such a “global” reconceptualization are for the study of the land grab.

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