Bikrum Gill
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Beyond the premise of conquest
The political ecology of colonial capitalism
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Chapter three deepens the Cortesian thesis introduced in chapter two by moving beyond the premise of conquest in accounting for the analytical significance of Indigenous earth-worlding capacity. It demonstrates that the racialized society/nature distinction emerges out of the European settler’s move to effect a “reversal of dependence” upon Indigenous peoples whose earth-worlding capacity had been vital to the survival of the settler. Specifically, the racialized society/nature distinction structures the “appropriation and erasure” of Indigenous earth-worlding capacity that comes to underpin both colonial capitalism’s productive power and recurrent ecological exhaustions. The chapter demonstrates, in other words, that rather than being premised upon an appropriation of the “free gifts” of nature, as the world-ecology approach argues, capital accumulation finds its condition of possibility in the appropriation and erasure of the earth-worlding capacities of colonized Indigenous peoples. The chapter further clarifies the key contradiction of frontier appropriation, namely how the racialized denial of the reproductive conditions of the frontier, while setting in motion the ecological surplus underpinning capital’s historical accumulation cycles, comes ultimately to exhaust the frontier’s surplus provisioning capacity. This “surplus/exhaustion” contradiction is shown to be central to the rise and fall of successive accumulation cycles from the emergence, via the colonization of the Americas, of the capitalist world-ecology in the long sixteenth century to the anticolonial exhaustion of the British-led accumulation cycle of the long nineteenth century.

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The Political Ecology of Colonial Capitalism

Race, Nature, and Accumulation

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