Index

Index

acceptance of vaccination 31, 55, 69, 87–8, 254, 300, 309
accountability 308
adverse events
advocacy groups and 249
autism 239–56
Canada and 270
HPV vaccine 211
Japan and 211, 220–9
liability 150
Mexico and
oral Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine 130
oral polio vaccine (OPV) 132
diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine (DPT) 133
MMR vaccine 220–9, 239–56, 270
polio (paralysis) 85, 293, 296, 299
smallpox vaccine 262
surveillance of 194–6
tetanus-diphtheria vaccine 243–4
tuberculosis vaccine 263
see also BCG
yellow fever vaccination 195
Africa
yellow fever in 181–8, 196–8
Alma-Ata Declaration 67–70
Americas (the) see specific countries
antibiotics 129, 132, 267
Asia 6, 24, 39–40, 101, 108
Asian flu 267–9
smallpox eradication 5, 19
autism 239–49
 
Bacille-Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) 53–4, 61–5, 69–70, 127, 130, 134, 136–9, 210, 212, 218, 229, 295, 306
bacteriology 123–8, 139, 149, 177, 213
Bangladesh 19–41
beliefs
hepatitis B transmission and 104–5
prayer 291
religious 55, 58–61, 291, 302
sanitation versus vaccination 59–60, 105
vaccination and autism 67, 239–49
Besredka, Alexander
vaccine 124
Billimoria, N. F. 55–60, 70
bio-power 289, 309
Blair, Tony 239–40, 243–8, 253–5
Blumberg, Baruch 102
Boko Haram 302–5, 308, 314
Brazil
dengue 188
yellow fever 174–200
Britain 53–7, 70
MMR and autism 239–56
Burroughs-Wellcome Pharmaceuticals 148, 155, 169
 
Calmette, Albert 127
see also BGC vaccine
campaigns
altruism and 277
cholera 33, 40
coercion and 5–6, 124
diphtheria 54, 124, 152, 190
evaluation of 33, 83
hepatitis 105, 321
measles 54, 190, 289, 299, 307–8, 316, 325
meningitis 191, 289, 292–3
political authority and 288–309
public health authority and 105, 124
sanitary 124, 126, 130–1
tetanus 54, 124, 131, 152, 190
tuberculosis 53–4, 61, 64, 130, 190
vaccination volunteers of 22, 29–34, 39–40, 83
whooping cough 54, 190
yellow fever 125, 179–81, 189–91, 197–8
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 8, 19, 23–9, 33–44, 291, 294, 322, 329
cholera 19–22, 24, 27–9, 33–5, 37, 40–5, 47, 52–3, 124, 136, 211, 214, 262
Cockburn, T.A. 22–41
coercion 5–6, 15, 124
Cold War 2, 5, 8–9, 19, 24, 77–8, 85–94
compliance and non-compliance 1, 8, 107, 289, 293
compulsory vaccination 53, 56, 88, 90, 123, 148, 262, 292, 304
Connaught Laboratories 83–4, 157
controversy 1–2, 62, 65, 103, 239–44, 250, 252, 255–9
costs
disease 160, 268
corruption 308
Cruz, Oswaldo 179
Czechoslovakia 77, 80–3, 86–7, 90
 
dengue 188, 196
Díaz, Porfirio 123, 139
diphtheria 54, 124–6, 135, 137–8, 148–9, 152, 190, 210, 214–16, 243, 262–3, 269, 294–5
disease surveillance 8, 21, 24–6, 40–1, 54, 156, 192–3, 265
dysentery 124, 212
 
Eastern Europe 77–92
Salk vaccine 82, 84, 86, 89
England see Britain
epidemics
cholera 19–22, 24, 27, 29, 33, 35, 37, 124, 211, 262
dengue 188
hepatitis 100–6, 112–14, 187
influenza 11, 165, 261–71, 277, 282–3
measles 154, 195, 211, 239, 245, 248, 262, 292
meningitis 191, 292–3
Mexico and 19–27, 31, 35–9,
plague 127, 214
polio 79–92, 131, 152, 293
rubella 154, 211
smallpox 8, 19–23, 29, 33, 35–9, 56, 92–3, 122, 262
yellow fever 175, 180, 183–8, 195
epidemiologists 5–6, 24–6, 29, 33, 37–8, 40, 106, 122, 137, 156
epidemiology 3, 25–6, 37, 41, 66–8, 86, 102–3, 105–6, 112–13, 124, 132, 136, 156–7, 163, 167–8, 181, 193, 263, 266
Expanded Programme of Immunisation (EPI) 6, 54, 190, 294–6, 309
 
Francis, Thomas 81
Francis report 131
freeze-dried vaccine 24, 29, 34, 39, 294
Freire, Domingos 174, 176–7, 197
 
Gandhi, Mahatma 9, 57–64, 70
Gates, Bill 331
Gates Foundation 291, 305, 321–2, 333
Gaviño, Ángel 125–7
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) 155, 227, 260
global health 6–7, 168, 189, 323
Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) 289, 291–2, 296, 300, 303–6, 309
 
Haffkine, Waldemar 52
hepatitis
herd immunity 7, 37–9, 164, 277, 279, 289
HIV/AIDS 1, 241, 297, 301
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) 155, 159, 210, 211, 227, 240, 280
Hungary 77, 79, 80, 83, 87–91, 294
 
India 4–5, 9, 23, 51–71, 124, 297, 333
influenza 11, 26, 138, 165, 210, 216, 224–5, 227, 260–72, 275, 277, 279, 281, 282
instability 122, 138, 294
Institut Mérieux 134, 157, 162, 167, 191–2
 
Japan 10, 56, 101, 105, 107, 110, 114, 161, 187, 193, 195, 209–30
Jenner, Edward 5, 8, 51, 214, 262
 
Kim, Chung Young 102–5, 107
Kim, J. H. 14, 169, 110–11
 
Langmuir, Alexander D. 24–30, 33, 35–7, 40–1
 
malaria
Brazil and 189
campaign 125
eradication 68
Nigeria and 300
priority of 53
transmission 178–9
measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine 10, 159–60, 195, 220–5, 229, 239–40, 242–52, 254–6, 261, 263
media 100, 102–4, 211, 216, 218, 239–40, 243–4, 246, 249–52, 255, 261, 268–9, 273, 277, 282–3
meningitis 191–2, 221, 226–8, 289, 292–3
Merck 3, 84, 154, 159–60, 227–8
Mérieux, Charles 192
Mexico 4, 9, 121–40, 176, 194, 274
mistrust
in government 7, 10, 168, 242–3, 248, 251–6, 266, 269
in medical authority 247, 252, 261, 263
in vaccination 82, 90, 109–11, 159, 165, 221, 243
 
National Immunisation Days and National Immunisation Plus Days 289, 291, 296–7, 309
National Smallpox Eradication Program (NSEP) 54
neo-colonialism 65, 67, 70, 331
Netherlands, the 9, 148–68, 240
Nigeria 11, 129, 181, 195, 288–309
Noguchi, Hideyo 174, 180–3, 198, 212
Norrby, Erling 154
 
opposition 3, 6, 8–9, 31, 51, 53, 55–7, 60–5, 69–70, 123, 167, 255, 325
Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz) 174, 185–90
 
Pakistan 8–9, 19–41
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) 130, 133–5, 138, 184, 190, 194, 325–6
pandemic 4, 11, 168, 260–83
Pasteur, Louis
Institute 4, 84, 123, 125, 128, 133–4, 139, 149, 177–9, 192, 212
methods and 127–8, 174, 192, 197
Sanofi-Pasteur 219, 227–8
patent 109, 151, 156, 163, 167, 178, 220
pertussis see whooping cough
plague 4, 52–3, 124–5, 127, 178, 189, 216, 224
policy 3, 5, 11, 33, 37, 69, 79, 106, 108, 109–12, 123–4, 132, 137, 157, 163–5, 167–8, 208–29, 239–42, 246, 252–3, 263, 322–6
polio
adverse events and vaccination 85, 293, 297, 299
epidemic 79–92, 131, 152, 293
Japan and 193, 210, 217–20, 223, 225
India and 17, 66–7, 69
Mexico and 131–40
Nigeria and 11, 288–309
Prince, Alfred 107, 321, 331–2
privatisation 137, 151, 157–8, 166, 194
public health
Brazil and 174–80, 187–92
decolonization and 2, 5, 78, 139
ethics in 7, 199
India and 9, 52–3, 64–71
Japan and 105, 107, 209–230
Mexico and 121–139, 176, 274
Nigeria and 288–309
Pakistan and 9, 20–31, 35–40
primary health care 67–70, 289–90, 292, 294–5, 298, 301, 304, 306–7, 309, 324–5
Sweden and 81, 84, 149, 151, 161, 260, 265–8, 272, 274–5, 279–80
United Kingdom and 8, 240–1, 251, 255–6
 
Rabies 4, 123–4, 128, 134–7, 139, 215
Rajagopalachari, Chakravarti 62–5
Red Cross/Red Crescent 4, 19, 23, 83
resistance to vaccination 4, 8–9, 31, 52, 55, 148, 198, 289–92, 300–1, 305, 309
Rockefeller Foundation 4, 127, 139, 149, 174, 180–2, 185, 187, 321, 322, 324
Romania 80, 84, 88
Rubella (German measles) 136, 138, 153–5, 158–60, 163, 210, 211, 220–1, 241
 
Sabin, Albert
Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) 131–2, 152–3, 229, 325, 327
polio vaccine 77–8, 82–91, 193
Sabin Inactivated Polio Vaccine (sIPV) 218, 229
Salk, Jonas 150, 152, 167, 325
Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) 81–7, 89, 131–2, 150, 152–3, 325
sanitation 31, 56, 59–60, 64, 67, 175, 177–8, 187
Shibasaburō, Kitasato 212–14, 217, 220, 229
Institute 107, 212, 217
smallpox
epidemic 8, 19–23, 29, 33, 35–9, 56, 122, 262, 292–3
India and 4–5, 51–6, 58, 63, 70
Jenner, Edward and 5, 8, 51, 214, 262
Nigeria and 129, 289, 292–3
Pakistan and 19–23, 27, 30, 35–7, 39–40
SmithKline see GlaxoSmithKline
South Korea 9, 99–100, 103–08, 110, 114, 220
state power 1–2, 288–92, 300–1, 308–9
surveillance 7–8, 21, 24–7, 38, 40–1, 54, 156, 192–3, 195–6, 265, 273
Sweden 10, 81, 84, 149, 151, 153–4, 158, 161, 240, 260–83
syphilis 125, 179, 212
 
temperature and vaccines 186, 194
tetanus 4, 54, 124, 131, 133, 135, 137–8, 149, 152, 190, 210, 213–14, 243, 263, 269, 294, 296
transmission 7, 26, 40, 99–100, 103–6, 110–13, 115–16, 128, 174, 182, 184, 265, 291, 302–6, 308–9
trust 267, 278, 280, 282, 308
see also mistrust
tuberculosis 53, 152, 135, 139, 190, 216, 262–3, 294
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine 53–4, 61, 64, 127, 130
National Tuberculosis Programme 68
typhoid 4, 135, 216, 262
typhus 126, 128–9, 216
 
Universal Immunization Program (UIP) 54, 68–9
UN see United Nations
United Nations (UN) 5, 53, 135
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 13, 62, 194, 291, 294–7, 326
United States 122, 124–5, 131, 134, 139, 210, 214, 216–20, 223–4, 253, 324, 333
Usher, Glenn 29, 33, 35–41
 
vaccine production 1, 3–4, 9–11, 20, 39, 52, 55, 81–6, 119, 148–68, 174, 180, 260, 263, 267–71, 275–6
cost of 108
Japan and 209, 212–18, 220, 222–3, 226, 229
Mexico and 121, 124, 126–40
Nigeria and 289, 291, 293–4, 297, 309
sovereignty and 2, 3
yellow fever 186–99
vaccine development 1, 4, 9, 81–4, 86, 89, 91–2, 149–50, 152, 156, 162, 164, 167, 215–16, 226, 229, 321
South Korea (Hep B) and 99–100, 108–9, 113
Mexico and 121, 130, 132
yellow fever 185, 196, 198–9
violent resistance 291
Virumbon, Calvi 51
 
Wakefield, Andrew 239–42, 244–5, 248–50
war 5, 10, 38–9, 53, 65, 100–1, 112, 122, 126–8, 140, 148–9, 152, 187, 189, 199, 215–17, 264, 266–7
see also Cold War
WHO see World Health Organization
whooping cough (pertussis) 54, 125, 129–31, 149, 150, 152 160–1, 190, 216, 229, 247, 294–6
World Health Organization (WHO)
Alma-Ata Declaration and 67, 70
BCG campaign 62, 134
eradication programmes 37, 53–5, 77, 294, 326
expanded programme of immunisation (EPI) 6
hepatitis and 107–9, 112–13
influence of 5, 7, 139, 322, 333
influenza and 11, 264, 267–8, 273, 276, 281–2
international agenda of 5, 7, 55
meningitis and 226
polio eradication 77, 83, 86, 90, 92, 132, 134–5, 138, 193, 291, 293–4, 297, 309
public health 294, 325
quality control 134, 158
smallpox eradication 19, 23–4,30, 32, 36–7, 53–5, 130, 152, 324
standards 5
 
yellow fever 5, 10, 125, 130, 136, 149, 174–200, 306
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The politics of vaccination

A global history

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