INDEX

Note ‘n’ after a page reference indicates a note number on that page.

access to documents 120–1
Adler, E. 63, 82, 87, 92, 101, 113n.4, 114
Agence Europe 123
Agenda 2000 134, 136
Aggestam, L. 83–5, 90–1, 109–11
Agstner, R. 122
Algieri, F. 116
Alker, H. 64
Allen, D. 3, 29, 33, 43n.6, 46, 52
Allison, G. 48–9, 51, 105–6
Almond, G. 84
Amato, Prime Minister G. 140n.2
ambiguity tolerance 21
Amsterdam Treaty 6, 28, 35, 41, 53, 59, 69, 79n.14, 115, 118, 125n.6, 133
Andersen, K. 21, 24
Anderson, B. 17
Andréani, G. 96
Anthony, I. 116
arms export controls 115–25
Avery, G. 137
Baldwin, D. 128
Ball, T. 15, 21
Baring, A. 85
Barnett, M. 87–8, 90, 92, 112n.2
Bauer, S. 116, 122–3
Berger, P. 23
Bertilsson, M. 79n.2
Biddle, B. 87, 97n.5
Blair, Prime Minister T. 96, 97n.3
Bonvicini, G. 43n.15, 60
Brenner, M. 25n.3
Bretherton, C. 3, 10, 46, 67, 69–70
Bribosia, E. 118
Brown, C. 15
Brückner, P. 11–12
Buchan, D. 3
Bull, H. 19, 110, 128
Bulmer, S. 4, 42, 44n.31
Burghardt, G. 13
Burr, V. 64
Buzan, B. 50, 74, 84, 113n.5, 141n.8
Cameron, F. 10, 137
Campbell, D. 73–4
Caporaso, J. 114
Carlnaes, W. 19, 107–8
causal beliefs 107
CEEC see Central and Eastern European countries
Central and Eastern European countries 57, 70, 75, 110, 132–7
CFSP see Common Foreign and Social Policy
Chabod, F. 25
Checkel, J. 16–17, 76, 86, 99, 101
Chirac, President J. 95
Christiansen, T. 8
Chryssochoou, D. 115
Clarke, M. 49, 111–12
Clinton, D. 18, 102
cognitivist approach 8
Colley, L. 97n.3
Collin, F. 79n.2
Collini, S. 21
Commission of the European Communities 133
Committee of Permanent Representatives 6, 105
common defence policy 6
Common Foreign and Social Policy passim
euro and, 60, 122
High Representative 1, 6, 34, 78, 106, 122
integration and intergovernmentalism 36–7, 41
interactionist approach 76
national interests and 32–4, 39–40
study of 3–4
theorising 14–25
uniqueness of 5, 27, 34–6
common procedural understandings 76
constructive abstention 6
constructivism 5, 8, 16–17, 20, 23–4, 35
see also social constructivism
Cooper, R. 88, 107
Copenhagen Report (1973) 29, 31–2, 41
Copenhagen Summit Declaration (1993) 11, 132–3, 136–7
COREPER see Committee of Permanent Representatives
Cosgrove-Sacks, C. 11
Costa, J. 116
Council of Europe Framework Convention on National Minorities 133–4, 141n.7
Cyprus 70, 137–9
da Costa Pereira, P. 43n.5
Danish Foreign Ministry 12
de Gaulle, President C. 97n.7
de la Serre, F. 43n.15
de Schoutheete de Tervarent, P. 3, 10, 30–2, 43n.11, 115
De Vestel, P. 116
de Wilde, J. 74, 113n.5
decision-making 1, 3, 49
communication and argumentation 12
defining European foreign policy 51–4
Dehousse, R. 43n.8, 118–19
Delors Report on Economic and Monetary Union (1989) 131
Denzin, N. 20, 24
Deutsch, K. 86–7
Diez, T. 141n.8
discourse analysis 62–80
European foreign policy and 67–79
European Union as international actor 69–73
implications for empirical research 66–7
social constructivism and 63–7
Disquieting Duckling, The 25
Dogan, M. 84
Donnelly, J. 102
Doty, R. 8, 67
Duchêne, F. 71, 79n.12, 110
Dunne, T. 102
Durfee, M. 13–15, 17, 19–24
ECB see European Central Bank
ECJ see European Court of Justice
Economic and Monetary Union 122, 131
Edwards, G. 11, 43n.10–11, 56, 122
EFTA see European Free Trade Association
Ekengren, M. 76, 78
Eliassen, K. 3
EMU see Economic and Monetary Union
EPC see European political cooperation
Eriksen, E. 127, 129–30
ESDP see European Security and Defence Policy
Essence of Decision 105
EU see European Union
EU Bulletin 141n.5
European Central Bank 122
European Commission 2, 78, 106, 119–22, 131–4, 136–8
Enlargement Strategy Paper 2000 141n.7
European Community 46, 54
European Council 39–40, 72, 105–6, 115, 117, 119–22, 125n.8–10, 131–2, 136–8, 141n.7
Presidency Conclusions 79n.13
European Court of Justice 119–21, 125nn.7–8 and 10
competence 120–1
parties before 119–20
European Defence Industry Group 116
European Foreign Policy Bulletin Online 13
Database 25n.2
European Free Trade Association 131
European Parliament 138
European political cooperation 4, 21–3, 26–30, 32, 42, 53, 77, 104, 111, 115
European security, threat to 74
European Security and Defence Policy 35, 95, 106, 110
European studies
international relations and foreign policy 1–9
European Union passim
Annual Report on Human Rights 1999/2000 141n.7
-as-actor 46, 51, 53, 69–73
Code of Conduct for Arms Exports 117–20
decision-making 75–8
enlargement logistics 126–41
conditions 130–5
global role 46, 48
evolving role-set 110–11
international actor 69–73, 108
membership conditionality 135–9
multiple realities 46
values 73–5
European Voice 135, 138
Expansion of International Society,The 19
Fairclough, N. 65, 79
Featherstone, K. 10
federalism 115
Feldman, L. 134
Fischer, Foreign Minister J. 94
Flockhart, T. 10
Florini, A. 44n.22
Flynn, G. 85
foreign policy passim
actors and institutional framework 28–30, 37–8, 45–8
adaptability 48–51
broader concept 45, 51–61
Community 54–5, 59
contending approaches 45–8
decision-making 6–8
bureaucratic politics model 105
consensus, 31
interactions and 30–2, 38–9
organisational process model 105
rational actor model 105
discussion remit, 6–8
interests 13
external elements 58
identity and 108–9
integration 36–7, 41, 122
internal elements 57–8
legitimacy 13, 127–30
multi-level 99, 114–25
convergence 115–18
interpillar consistency 118–21
variable geometry 121–4
national 55, 59
novelty 5–8
planning cell 6
policy-making 1–2, 5–8, 85–7
ex-Yugoslavia 11
polyphonous 99
puzzle of 4–5
theorising EU 10–25
theory and practice of multi-level 115–25
Union 55, 59
foreign policy analysis 45–61
end of Cold War and 100–2
framework 54–8
actors and policy-making 55–6
applied to European foreign policy 59–61
capabilities and instruments 56–7
policy context 57–8
Forster, A. 73
Fossum, J. 127
Foucault, M. 64–5
FPA see foreign policy analysis
Franck, C. 118
Friis, L. 127
Fuchet Plan 118
Garcia, S. 84
Garton Ash, T. 98n.8
George, S. 4, 14, 44n.31
Gerner, D. 88
Giddens, A. 84
Ginsberg, R. 10, 52–3, 61, 115, 126
Glarbo, K. 21, 24, 76
Goffman, E. 87
Goldstein, J. 8, 107
Gomez, R. 11
Gordon, P. 62, 67
Gourlay, C. 118
Grieco, J. 11, 44n.19, 112n.3
Grilli, E. 11
Guénno, J. 77
Gummet, P. 116
Haagerup, N. 43n.15
Haas, E. 36–40, 44n.26, 115
Halliday, F. 49
Haney, P. 101
Hanf, K. 116
Hansen, B. 68, 73–4
Hassner, P. 22
Hautala, H. 119, 121
Heisbourg, F. 110
Held, D. 140n.3
Hellmann, G. 85
Hermann, C. 91
Hey, J. 101
Hill, C. 3, 5, 10, 27, 29–31, 33–4, 42, 43nn.3, 11 and 14–15, 46–8, 50, 52–3, 55–6, 61, 70–1, 81, 99, 104, 114, 116, 128
Hilsman, R. 103
Hix, S. 77
Hoffmann, S. 20, 33, 44nn.20–1 and 26, 85, 101–4, 126
Holland, M. 3–4, 42, 43n.11, 44nn.31–2, 115, 119
Hollis, M. 43n.2, 82
Holsti, K. 88–9, 109
House of Commons 123
Howorth, J. 110
Hudson, V. 82, 109
Hughes, R. 25
human affairs, underlying order 17–19
Hurd, D. 31
Hyde-Price, A. 84–5, 100
identities 106–11
cognitive revolution 106–8
role theory 109–11
identity
foreign policy and 108–9
politics of 83–7
role 81–98
Ifestos, P. 3, 33, 36, 43n.11, 46
Ignatieff, M. 85
institutions 104–6
organisational process and bureaucratic politics 105–6
integration theory 3–4, 36–41, 50
interdependence 50
interests 7, 13, 32–4, 102–3
institutions and identities 99–113
material factors 102–3
intergovernmentalism 18, 36–41, 114–15, 118
international phenomena puzzlement 23–4
international relations
European integration 26–44
European studies and foreign policy 1–9
International Relations 25n.1
Jackson, J. 88
Jackson Preece, J. 134
JACS see Joint Armaments Cooperation Structure
Jakobsen, P. 35, 43n.13
Järvinen, M. 79n.2
Jeppeson, R. 63
Joint Armaments Cooperation Structure 123
Jönsson, C. 82, 109
Jopp, M. 116
Jørgensen, K. 5, 8, 11–12, 16, 28, 35–6, 46, 60, 70, 76, 128
Jørgensen, M. 64, 79, 79n.3
Jorn, A. 25
Katzenstein, P. 44n.22, 63, 85, 104
Keatinge, P. 6
Keeler, J. 114
Keohane, R. 20, 44n.20–1, 49, 86, 100, 104, 107, 115
Keukeleire, S. 115
Kirchner, E. 33–4
Kirste, K. 100, 109
Kohl, Chancellor H. 94
Kowert, P. 44n.23, 103
Krasner, S. 51, 83, 115, 128
Kratochwil, F. 44n.21
Krenzler, H.-G. 118
Küchenmeister, T. 116
Laclau, E. 65, 73, 79, 79n.9
Larsen, H. 5, 63, 69–71, 74, 77, 79nn.1, 7–8 and 10
Le Prestre, P. 109–10
Legro, J. 44nn.22–3, 103
Light, M. 49
Lincoln, Y. 20, 24
Lindberg, L. 37–40, 44n.29, 115
Lister, M. 48
logistics of EU enlargement 126–41
London Report 33, 41
Long, D. 26, 35, 44nn.31–2
Lorenz, P.-L. 32, 43n.12
Lose, L. 12
Lucarelli, S. 14
Lundgren, Å. 140
Lundquist, L. 89
Luxembourg Report (1970) 28
Maastricht Treaty (1993) 53, 81, 106, 115, 118, 131–2
McLaren, L. 138
Magnette, P. 115
March, J. 84, 87, 90, 108, 113n.6, 127
Marques-Ruiz, C. 115
Martin, L. 44n.20, 104
Maull, H. 100, 109
Maury, J.-P. 115
Mearsheimer, J. 44n.19, 100, 103, 112nn.1 and 3
Milliken, J. 63, 66–9, 78, 79n.5
Milward, A. 114
Missiroli, A. 110
Mitrany, D. 114
Mitterand, President F. 94
Moisi, D. 85
Monar, J. 43nn.6, 14, 114
Moravcsik, A. 7, 26, 43n.1, 113n.6, 114, 128
Morgenthau, H. 103, 128
Morse, E. 57
Mouffe, C. 65, 73, 79, 79n.9
Mouritzen, H. 7
Müller, H. 12
multilateralism 35
Mundt, R. 84
Murphy, A. 127
national identity 108–10
national interest 102, 128–9
national role conception 109–10
national situation 102–3
NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
Neak, L. 101
Nelsen, B. 4
neo-classical realism 101–2
neo-functionalism and cooperation, 37–41, 115
neo-liberal institutionalism 46–7, 115
neo-realism 7, 35, 99–102
Neumann, I. 74, 80n.15–16
Neville-Jones, P. 97n.1
Niblett, R. 91
Nice Treaty 28, 41, 53, 124
Nørgaard, O. 3
Norris, C. 64
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 20–1, 95–6, 110, 123
Nugent, N. 138
Nuttall, S. 3, 6, 10, 30–2, 46, 76, 78, 115
Nye, J. 44n.20, 48–9, 100, 115
observation, detailed v broad 20–1
OCCAR see Joint Armaments Cooperation Structure
Øhrgaard, J. 3, 28, 36, 41, 44n.31
Olsen, J. 84, 87, 90, 108, 113n.6, 127
O’Neill, M. 4
Organisation for Security And Cooperation in Europe 20
Origins of Alliances, The 112n.2
OSCE see Organisation for Security And Cooperation in Europe
Owen, D. 11
Patten, Commissioner C. 118, 125n.6
patterns from observed phenomena 19–20
Pedersen, T. 3, 10, 101
Pereira, P. 116
Petersen, N. 3, 10, 114
Petersberg Tasks 6
Peterson, J. 3, 5, 10, 29, 53, 59, 77, 116
Petite, M. 118
Pfetsch, F. 114
Philippart, E. 122
Phillips, L. 64, 79, 79n.3
Piening, C. 3, 10
Pijpers, A. 3, 7, 13–14, 26, 42, 43nn.10 and 15, 44nn.16 and 31, 114
Poos, J. 12
Powell, G. 84
Price, R. 8
Priess, D. 112–13n.3
principled beliefs 107
Prodi, President R. 125n.6
Putnam, R. 86
qualified majority voting 6
Quermonne, J. 115
rationalist approaches 3, 5, 8, 69, 103, 107
Ravenhill, J. 11
realist school, 3, 5, 51
Reflection Group (1995) 71
Regelsberger, E. 3, 10–11, 27, 29–30, 43nn.3–4, 11 and 14, 44n.32, 46, 115–16
relations with
developing countries 11, 75
former Soviet bloc countries 10–11, 132–7
see also Central and Eastern European countries
United States 10
Remacle, E. 114, 118, 124
Repubblica, La 140
Reus-Smit, C. 8
Risse, T. 12, 23–4
Rittberger, V. 104
role
conception 87–96
national v European 96
identity 81–97
Rose, G. 100
Rosenau, J. 13–15, 17, 19–24, 51, 89, 114
Ross, M. 82, 108
Ruggie, J. 12, 18, 20, 24, 44nn.21–2, 79n.1
Rummel, R. 43n.15
Salmon, T. 43n.10
Schaber, T. 100
Scheingold, S. 44n.29
Schneider, H. 118
Schmitt, B. 116, 123
Schmitter, P. 40, 115
Schröder, Chancellor G. 96, 140n.2
Schweller, R. 101, 112–13n.3
Searing, D. 89–90
security politics assumptions 50
Shock of the New, The 25
Sidjanski, D. 115
Singer, M. 100
Single European Act (1986) 29, 33, 41, 55, 58, 131
Sjursen, H. 3, 5, 10, 111, 116, 131
Smith, H. 4, 11, 53
Smith, K. 70, 75, 80n.18
Smith, K. E. 43nn.11 and 14, 44n.23, 136
Smith, M. 3, 46, 48, 55–6, 58, 63, 75
Smith, M. E. 29–30, 33, 35, 43n.6, 44nn.18 and 30
Smith, S. 19, 43n.2, 64, 82, 108
Snyder, G. 101
social constructivism 13–17, 20, 24, 35, 63–6
discourse analysis and 63–7
Soetendorp, B. 116
Solana, Secretary-General J. 118
Spence, D. 78
Spirtas, M. 112n.3
Stability Pacts 11, 75, 141n.5
Stark, H. 43n.13
state-as-actor assumption 49
state-centric realism 48–50, 52
Stavridis, S. 52
Stevens, C. 11
structuralist approaches 47–8, 50
Stubb, A. 4
sui generis problem 26–7, 36, 42
supranationalism 115, 118
Swedish Journalists’ Association 125n.8
Tägil, S. 82
Taylor, P. 44n.27, 115
Telò, M. 115, 124
TEU see Treaty on European Union
Tewes, H. 109
theory
creative imagination and 21–3
defining 14–15
empirical v value 15–17
explanatory 15–16
interpretive 16
normative (prescriptive) 16
Thomas, E. 87, 97n.5
Thune, C. 43n.15
Tietje, C. 118
TOA see Amsterdam Treaty
Tonra, B. 31, 43nn.11–12 and 15, 58, 76, 116
Törnquist, G. 82
Torreblanca Payá, J. 11
transgovernmentalism 49
Tréan, C. 43n.13
Treaties of Rome 54, 56, 58, 116, 130
Treaty on European Union (1993) 5–6, 10, 28, 32–3, 41, 55–6, 71–2, 117–20, 122–3
Turkey 136–9, 141n.8
Ulbert, C. 100
United Nations Declaration on Human Rights 133
van Evera, S. 14–15, 18, 20, 24
Van Ham, P. 110
van Miert, K. 11
Vertzberger, Y. 82, 84, 90
Vesterdorf, B. 120
Vogler, J. 3, 10, 46, 67, 69–70
Von der Gablentz, O. 28, 30–2
Vore, C. 82, 109
Wæver, O. 66, 68, 71, 74, 79nn.1, 10–11, 113n.5
Walker, R. 73, 109
Walker, S. 89
Walker, W. 116
Wallace, W. 10, 29–30, 32, 34, 42, 43nn.3 and 14, 44n.24, 55–6, 58, 73, 81, 83, 91, 104, 115
Walt, S. 112n.2
Waltz, K. 44n.19, 100, 112n.2
Warjovaara, J. 116
Weiler, J. 42, 43n.8, 44n.31
Weldes, J. 64
Wendt, A. 13, 16, 18, 44n.22, 63–5, 79n.4, 6, 86, 103, 113n.4
Wessels, W. 3, 10, 28–31, 33, 36, 42, 43nn.11 and 15, 44n.31, 56, 115
Westerlund, U. 109
Western European Union 20, 71–2, 123–4
WEU see Western European Union
Weyembergh, A. 118
White, B. 6, 19, 34, 49, 60, 61n.
Whitman, R. 46, 77
Wildavsky, A. 100
Willaert, P. 115
Williams, M. 8, 102
Winks, R. 122–3
Wish, N. 109
world views 107
Wright, V. 58
Yahuda, M. 11
Young, O. 49
Zehfuss, M. 23
Zelikow, P. 48
Zielonka, J. 33, 44n.18
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eISBN:
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Publisher:
Manchester University Press
Cover Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy
Subjects:
Politics
Keywords:
analytical framework; arms export controls; Common Foreign and Security Policy; defence policy; discourse analysis; European studies; European Union; foreign policy; international relations theory; political-cultural approach; traditional integration theory
Page Count:
188
Publisher:
Manchester University Press

Series: Europe in Change

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Cover Building a peace economy?

Building a peace economy?

Liberal peacebuilding and the development-security industry

Book

Publication History:

Online Publication Date:
21 Feb 2018
Subjects:
  1. Politics
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This book critically examines the range of policies and programmes that attempt to manage economic activity that contributes to political violence. Beginning with an overview of over a dozen policies aimed at transforming these activities into economic relationships which support peace, not war, the book then offers a sustained critique of the reasons for limited success in this policy field. The inability of the range of international actors involved in this policy area, the Development-Security Industry (DSI), to bring about more peaceful political-economic relationships is shown to be a result of liberal biases, resulting conceptual lenses and operational tendencies within this industry. A detailed case study of responses to organised crime in Kosovo offers an in-depth exploration of these problems, but also highlights opportunities for policy innovation. This book offers a new framework for understanding both the problem of economic activity that accompanies and sometimes facilitates violence and programmes aimed at managing these forms of economic activity. Summaries of key arguments and frameworks, found within each chapter, provide accessible templates for both students and aid practitioners seeking to understand war economies and policy reactions in a range of other contexts. It also offers insight into how to alter and improve policy responses in other cases. As such, the book is accessible to a range of readers, including students interested in peace, conflict and international development as well as policy makers and practitioners seeking new ways of understanding war economies and improving responses to them.
Cover Diplomacy and lobbying during Turkey’s Europeanisation

Diplomacy and lobbying during Turkey’s Europeanisation

The private life of politics

Author:
Bilge Firat

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26 Sep 2019
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Turkey’s Europeanisation saga, which began in 1959 and climaxed in 2005 with the opening of membership negotiations with the European Union (EU), presents a unique opportunity to understand how interstate actors negotiate their interests; what ‘common interests’ look like from their historically and culturally contingent perspectives; and what happens when actors work for their private, professional, public, personal or institutional interests, even when those interests may go against their mandate. Honing in on the role of diplomats and lobbyists during negotiations for Turkey’s contentious EU membership bid, this book presents intricate, backstage conflicts of power and interests and negotiations of compromises, which drove this candidate country both closer to and farther from the EU. The reader will find in the book the everyday actors and agents of Turkish Europeanisation and learn what their work entails, which interests they represent and how they do what they do. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in Brussels, the book argues that public, private and corporate actors, voicing economic, political and bureaucratic interests from all corners of Europe, sought access to markets and polities through the Turkish bid instead of pursuing their mandate of facilitating Turkey’s EU accession. Although limited progress was achieved in Turkey’s actual EU integration, diplomats and lobbyists from both sides of the negotiating table contradictorily affirmed their expertise as effective negotiators, seeking more status and power. This is the first book-length account of the EU–Turkey power-interest negotiations in situ, from the perspective of its long-term actors and agents.
Cover Populism in Europe

Populism in Europe

Lessons from Umberto Bossi’s Northern League

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28 Sep 2021
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This is the first book to offer a detailed and systematic analysis based on original research of the ideology, electoral and governmental performances, organisational model, type of leadership and member activism characterising the Lega Nord (Northern League) under its founder, Umberto Bossi (1991–2012). Created thirty years ago, the Northern League has now been shelved by a new leader, Matteo Salvini, who has replaced it with a brand new party that bears his own name: the Lega per Salvini Premier (League for Salvini Premier). However, as western Europe continues to witness the sustained growth of populism within its borders, “Bossi’s League” offers a case study of a populist party moving very early on from protest to government. The book identifies the Northern League’s consistent and coherent ideology, its strong leadership and its ability to create communities of loyal partisan activists as key ingredients of its success. It is shown that the League has much to teach us about how populists can achieve durability and rootedness and how parties of all kinds can still benefit from a committed and dedicated membership today.