Duncan Sayer
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List of figures

Figures

1.1Grave 78 from Oakington (author photo)5
1.2The distribution of cemeteries mentioned in this book8
1.3Evison’s 1987 interpretation of a horizontal chronology at Dover Buckland (from Evison 1987)11
1.4The complex chronology exhibited at Finglesham (after Sayer, 2009: Fig. 9.3)13
1.5Intercutting graves at Deal and Berinsfield15
1.6Orpington16
1.7Weapon burials at Orpington19
1.8The cemetery at Apple Down23
1.9An example of the objects within the different grave configurations at Apple Down24
1.10Trauma at Apple Down26
2.1Early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries at Orpington and Abingdon41
2.2Mucking II and Berinsfield42
2.3Wakerley and Norton46
2.4Orpington and Blacknall Field48
2.5Snells Corner, Sewerby and Holborough49
2.6Polhill and Deal in Kent have different internal organisations51
2.7Mucking II, a large and complex cemetery53
2.8West Heslerton54
2.9Buckland, a very complex mortuary landscape with multiple plots and different densities in the burial56
2.10Garton Slack II and Dunstable, two examples of row-grave cemeteries58
2.11Street House, a unique cemetery59
2.12Morning Thorpe, Lechlade and Bidford-on-Avon cemetery61
2.13Cemeteries at Berinsfield and Petersfinger63
2.14Great Chesterford65
2.15Spong Hill69
2.16Alwalton71
2.17Andover and Caistor-by-Norwich72
2.18Buckles and pins at Wakerley76
2.19Patterns in the distribution of objects at Deal 77
2.20Apple Down, a compound cemetery that used a mixture of spatial tools81
2.21Wasperton, organised around a series of earlier ditches82
2.22Springfield Lyons, combined grave ritual, ancient features and spatial proximity83
3.1Spong Hill, phase A cremations and phase A stamp groups, showing the southern concentation of cremation urns (image courtesy of the McDonald Institute)104
3.2Spong Hill, phase B cremations and phase B stamp groups, showing the concentation of cremation urns around the whole area (image courtesy of the McDonald Institute)105
3.3Spong Hill, phase C cremations and phase C stamp groups, showing the northern concentation of cremation urns and the tighter clustering in this phase (image courtesy of the McDonald Institute)106
3.4Bossut-Gottechain, a Merovingian cemetery with three distinct phases107
3.5Sewerby, the distribution of datable graves 110
3.6Sewerby, highlighting three phases of graves which focusd around an earlier core in a concentric organisation111
3.7Apple Down chronology113
3.8Wakerley plot A115
3.9Wakerley plot B117
3.10Wakerley plot C119
3.11Oakington: calibrated radiocarbon dates120
3.12Oakington Barrow burials122
3.13The 1951 and 1994 excavations at Dover Buckland with the location of burial plots labelled124
3.14Dover Buckland, plots A, B and L in the 1951 area125
3.15Dover Buckland, plots J and K in the 1994 area126
3.16Dover Buckland, plots E and F in the 1994 area130
3.17Dover Buckland, plots G, H and I in the 1994 area133
3.18Dover Buckland, plots C and D in the 1951 area135
3.19Dover Buckland, battleship chart to show the different chronological activity in the plots141
4.1Wakerley, the spatial distribution of furnished graves in clusters at 5 m apart150
4.2Core groups of furnished graves at Berinsfield151
4.3West Heslerton152
4.4Norton and Great Chesterford154
4.5Holborough and Leighton Buzzard III155
4.6Lechlade, Orpington and Oakington157
4.7Wakerley159
4.8Polhill162
4.9Broadway Hill, Winterbourne Gunner and Lyminge II165
4.10Deal and West Heslerton (?)166
4.11Westgarth Gardens, Suffolk and Berinsfield168
4.12Apple Down and Westgarth Gardens173
4.13Oakington and Great Chesterford175
4.14St Peters and Broadstairs178
4.15Finglesham180
4.16Bradstow School and Ozengell182
4.17St Peters, Broadstairs and Finglesham 183
5.1Finglesham: the distribution of arthritis and weapons195
5.2Finglesham dental pathology: caries and abscesses 196
5.3Finglesham dental pathology: enamel hypoplasia198
5.4Berinsfield and generations 204
5.5Berinsfield: the distribution of arthritis and artefacts205
5.6Deal: chronology and generations (after Sayer, 2010)207
5.7Berinsfield: nitrogen isotopes δ15N box plots by burial area211
5.8Berinsfield: carbon isotopes δ13C box plots by burial area212
5.9Worthy Park: nitrogen isotopes δ15N box plots by burial area213
5.10Worthy Park: adult carbon isotopes δ13C box plots by burial area214
5.11Berinsfield: height data differences between weapon and non-weapon burials217
5.12Berinsfield: height data differences between weapon burials218
5.13Berinsfield: height data by gender219
5.14Berinsfield: height data with and without brooches220
5.15Berinsfield: height data with and without brooches by plot221
5.16Great Chesterford: female height222
5.17Great Chesterford: male height222
5.18Great Chesterford: weapon and non-weapon burials223
5.19Great Chesterford: brooch and non-brooch burials224
5.20Apple Down: men with weapons in configuration225
5.21Apple Down: height box plot by gender226
5.22Worthy Park cemetery plan, to illustrate the layout of the cemetery227
5.23Worthy Park: height and biological sex by area227
5.24Worthy Park: height data by orientation228
5.25Worthy Park: height and weapons by orientation in burial area229
5.26Lechlade: height by plot and gender230
5.27Lechlade: weapon burials in seventh-century burial areas231
5.28Lechlade: height and brooch burials232
5.29Lechlade: brooch burials in the seventh century areas233
6.1Reconstruction based on archaeologists working at Oakington in 2014 (author photos and collage)250
6.2A busy excavation scene. This reconstruction, based on an open day at Oakington in 2012, includes site directors, excavation supervisors, excavators, members of the public and my father, with a spear (author photos and collage)251
6.3Different types of core graves within plots253
6.4Morning Thorpe, with kernel densities illustrated257
6.5Morning Thorpe: material culture258
6.6Morning Thorpe: distribution of pottery stamps where they were used for more than one pot (after Penn and Brugmann 2007:37, Fig. 4.7)259
6.7Morning Thorpe plot C. The light grey circles illustrate the location of barrows based on presence of satellite graves that appear to circle around them261
6.8Lechlade split into two phases (grey are fifth- and sixth-century graves; black are the seventh-century graves)263
6.9Lechlade: fifth- and sixth-century graves (with kernel density set at 5 m to highlight the clustering of the graves)264
6.10Lechlade: seventh-century graves (with the kernel density set at 8 m)266
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Early Anglo-Saxon cemeteries

Kinship, community and identity

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