Index

Page numbers in italic refer to figures.

100 Resilient Cities (100RC) 63, 89, 90
actor network theory 22
Acuto, Michele 172, 173
Addis Ababa 31–3, 45
data collection 38–9, 44, 45
housing 31–2, 33, 45, 47
Legetafo 32, 39
major infrastructure projects 40
Tulu Dimtu 31, 33, 38–9
Yeka Abado 31–2, 38, 39, 43, 45
Adebanwi, Wale 173
African National Congress (ANC) 44, 125
Agence Française de Développement 66
anaerobic digestion 102–4
Anthropocene 174–6
auto-construction 35, 36–7
Barry, Andrew 18–19
Beuret, Nicholas 178
‘Black Reason’ 170
borders 2–3, 175
boundaries 3, 4, 12, 171
Built Environment Support Group 82
Caldeira, Teresa 35, 36
Cape Town
densification of urban form 128
energy transformation 138
informal settlements 121, 127
provision of services 127
waste-to-energy plant 103–4
WesCape 128
carbon tax 135
catastrophic, the 175
Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) 105, 106, 107–8, 109, 110
Chakrabarty, Dipesh 177, 178
Chari, Sharad 13
China 40, 168, 177
Christianity, fundamentalist 16–17
Clean City/Keep Ekurhuleni Clean programme 112
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 100, 104–8, 114
financially legitimising waste-to-value projects 108–10
climate change 114, 131, 172, 175
contact zones 176–81
collaboration 4, 5
colonial legacies 5–6, 150, 151, 173
commensuration 4, 6–7, 21
community
participation 77–8
waste management 110–13, 114
community construction management teams (CCMTs) 81, 82
Community Development Associations (CDAs) 62
community-led upgrading of informal settlements see informal settlements in Durban metropolitan area, community-led upgrading of
Community Organisation Resource Centre (CORC) 88, 91
contact zones 170–2
Anthropocene 174–6
city networks internationally 172–4
climate crisis 176–80
economy and finance 180–1
Conway, Declan 57
co-production 68
COVID-19 166–7, 175, 182
Dar es Salaam
gap between formal and informal life 157–8
making connections in 144–6, 150, 159–60
Nyerere Bridge 146–9
tripartite structure of pension fund, insurance and 151–5
peripheral developments 34
self-reliance 143–4
smart city 145
urban imaginaries 153
world city 160–1
Davis, Aeron 180–1
decentralised energy 127–8, 131–4, 137–8
demographics, global 177
densification of urban form 37, 128
DesInventar 62, 66
diaries 38–9, 45, 48
disaster risk management and reduction 56, 57, 68
in Ibadan 60–2
in Karonga 58–60
in Nairobi 63–4
in Niamey 66–7
Disaster Risk Management (DRM) policy, Malawi 59–60
donor priorities 55, 59, 61, 66, 67, 68–9
drivers of change 39–42
Durban
100 Resilient Cities Programme (100RC) 89, 90
community participation in housing upgrades 77–8
housing typologies 75
ecological crises 175
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Urban Transformations programme 2
economics 7–10, 16–17, 169
economy and finance, contact zones of 180–1
Ekers, Michael 34
Ekurhuleni 111, 112
embedded generation 132–3
employment
informal youth 157
migrating in search of 85, 123
in periphery 37, 40, 46, 47
in waste value chain 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114
energy poverty 123, 179–80
energy transformations in South Africa 121–42
in 2030 136–7
access to electricity 123, 124, 126, 127–9
barriers to moves to low-carbon energy 124–8, 179–80
bottom-up 131–2, 137–8
carbon tax 135
challenges to inclusive 137–8
decentralised energy 127–8, 131–4, 137–8
democratisation of energy 133–4
‘disruptive technologies’ 131–2
electricity distribution 125–6, 132
embedded generation 132–3
‘just transition’ 122, 129–31, 135–6
moving towards inclusive 133, 134–6
pro-poor subsidies 126, 132
epistemologies 15–23, 169, 171, 174, 178, 181
Eskom 124, 125, 126, 132
eThekwini 31, 32, 39, 41, 42–4, 43, 45
ethics of research 4
Ethiopia 57
urban peripheries see Addis Ababa
everyday, the 42–5
Fanon, Franz 170
Farrelly, Megan 129, 130, 131
Federation of the Urban and Rural Poor (FEDUP) 79–81, 83–4, 88, 91
Namibia Stop 8 79–81, 80
Piesang River 83–4, 83
financialisation 180–1
of waste 105–10
Free Basic Electricity Tariff 126
futurity 144, 145–6, 147, 148, 154, 156–7, 157, 159
Gauteng
data collection 48
the everyday in 42–4
languages 44
Lufhereng, Protea Glen and Waterworks 38, 42, 44, 45
waste management in Ekurhuleni 111, 112
Winterveld 39, 44, 45
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 61
global north
climate change debate 178
‘lock-in’ challenges 21, 177
urban theory 12
waste management 99, 100, 101, 105, 109
global south
potential to avoid city ‘lock-ins’ of global north 21
urban political ecology of waste 98–100
urban scholarship 12–14
waste management 100–1, 102, 113–14
‘global suburbanisms’ 34
Goddard, George 129, 130, 131
Goldberg, David Theo 170, 183
governance
collaborative 63–4, 68, 110–13, 138
energy transformation in South Africa and 104, 131–2, 137, 138
financial 150
fragmented 57, 59, 60–1, 63, 64, 65–6, 67, 68
global 171, 173
in Kenya 63–4
multi-level 57, 63, 64, 65, 137
in Niamey 65–6, 67
systems of rural 6
of Tanzanian social insurance schemes 153, 154, 156
in urban peripheries 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 46
urban risk 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 68
waste 100, 104, 110–13
grassroots approaches
to planning processes 78
to supply of energy 131–2, 137–8
greenhouse gas emissions 96, 103, 178
CDM projects to reduce 104–8, 109, 110
Guyer, Jane 11–12, 16–17, 152, 167–8
Habitat for Humanity 82
Haiti 179
Havelock 85–7, 86
Heffron, Raphael 129, 130, 131
histories in place 5–6
Homeless People's Federation 82
housing
backlog on delivery 90, 123
condominium 31–2, 44, 47
densification challenges 128
as driver of local change 41–2
new satellite towns 128
policy in flood-prone Niger 65
self-build 75, 77–8, 78–9
Havelock 85–7, 86
Namibia Stop 8 79–82, 80
Piesang River 82–5, 83
spatial inequalities of apartheid 75, 123–4, 127
state 31, 40, 41, 46
top-down models for low-cost 76–7
types in eThekwini 75
in urban peripheries 31–2, 33, 35, 37, 40, 44–5, 46, 123
Ibadan 60–2
Idaban Urban Flood Management Project (IUFMP) 61, 62
Inclining Block Tariff System 126
India 12, 100, 177, 179
informal settlements
community participation in upgrading 77–8
definitions 75–6
demolition and relocation model 76
electrification 121, 127–8, 138, 179–80
incremental approach to upgrading 78, 89–90
local government leadership 88–9
in Nairobi 62, 63–4
new approaches to upgrading 88–90
in Niamey 65
prevalence in South Africa 73, 75, 89
services 121, 127–8
in situ upgrading models 76
solar panels 128, 179–80
informal settlements in Durban metropolitan area, community-led upgrading of 78–87
challenges and lessons learned 81–2, 84–5, 90–1
community benefits 80, 84, 91
Havelock 85–7, 86
materials procurement 81, 84, 87, 91
methodology 78–9
Namibia Stop 8 79–82, 80
Piesang River 82–5, 83
savings groups 79, 82, 85
skills training 80, 84, 88–9, 91
tendering process 88, 91
women's involvement 79, 82, 84
infrastructure 17–19, 167–8
of crowded cities 7
development in informal settlements 82, 91, 121, 128, 179
driving processes of exclusion and marginalisation 130
energy 104, 124, 128, 130, 131–4, 179–80
financial 151–5, 161, 180
insurance as a form of 146
local small-scale interventions 41–2
major investments in 39, 40, 41, 180, 181
Nyerere Bridge 146–9
tripartite structure of pension fund, social insurance and 151–5
in peripheries 34, 37, 40, 41, 47
significance of projects 148
upgrading to reduce urban risk 59, 61, 62, 66
waste 101, 104, 105, 113
insurance
connections as a form of 144–6, 150
global expansion of 156
history of modern 150
operations in Africa 149
popular 154
in times of uncertainty 144, 146, 156–7
interdisciplinarity in urban studies 2–3, 3–4, 6–7
International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 178
investment
attracting global 8
contact zones 180, 181
insurance schemes and 146, 147–8, 149, 150–1, 153, 154
major infrastructure 39, 40, 41, 180, 181
in peripheries 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 46, 47
promise of future 153
ISULabaNtu project 73–4
Jasanoff, Sheila 130, 131
Johannesburg
Jozi@Work 112
Lufhereng, Protea Glen and Waterworks 38, 42, 44, 45
‘A Re Sebetseng’ campaign 111
solar water heaters 138
Jozi@Work 112
‘just energy transition’ 122, 129–31, 135–6
Karonga 58–60
Kenya 62–5
Krugman, Paul 9, 10
Kyoto Protocol 1997 104
Lall, Somik 7, 8, 181
landfill gas projects 102, 103, 105, 106, 107–8, 109, 110
landfilling 100
language issues 44
Larkin, Brian 18, 19, 148
Latour, Bruno 18, 22
lived experience 41–2
capturing the everyday 42–5
loans from international agencies 59
local 173
collaborations on urban risk reduction 58–60, 63–4, 66–7
community participation 77–8
energy policies 131–2, 133, 137–8, 179–80
infrastructure interventions 41–2
recognition of climate change 172
systems of commensuration 4, 21
waste management 110–13, 114
Lufhereng, Protea Glen and Waterworks 38, 42, 44, 45
Macamo, Elisio 151, 182
McCauley, Darren 129, 130
McKinsey Global Institute 8
Malawi 58–60
Mamdani, Mahmood 5–6
markets 7–8, 41, 181
Mbembe, Achille 10–12, 23, 166, 167, 169, 170, 182–3
Watts’ response to 10–11
methane flaring 107, 108, 109
migration 13–14, 65, 74, 85, 123, 127, 172
mixed methods research 31–3
mobility
population 174, 176
surveillance of 20, 167
in urban peripheries 36, 37, 40, 41, 47, 123
Molweni 31, 32, 39, 44
Mukuru SPA 64, 68
Muungano wa Wanavijiji 63–4
Nairobi 62–5
Mukuru SPA 64, 68
Nairobi Urban Risk Partnership 64–5
Namibia Stop 8 79–82, 80
National Disaster Management Framework, Nigeria 60
National Policy for Disaster Management, Kenya 63
National Policy on Disaster Risk Reduction, Nigeria 60
neoliberalism 16–17, 47, 180–1
Network on Hydrometeorological Risks in African Cities (RHYVA) 66
networks, international city 172–4
New Horizons Energy 103
‘new urban sciences’ 20–1
Niamey, Niger 65–7
Niger Disaster Risk Management and Urban Development Project 66
Nigeria
Ibadan 60–2
peripheries of cities 34–5
Port Harcourt 10
waste clean-up days 111
non-governmental organisations (NGOs) 59, 68, 82, 88, 91
Nuttall, Sarah 10, 11, 12
Nyerere, Julius Kambarage 143
Nyerere Bridge 146–9
tripartite structure of pension fund, social insurance and 151–5
Oyo State Emergency Management Agency 61
participatory action research methods 74, 78–9
PEAK Urban 21
pension fund 146–8
compliance visits 158–9, 160
enrolment 155–6
investments 146, 147–8, 150–1
membership 157–8
tripartite structure of bridge, social insurance and 151–5
uncertainty 156–7
People's Housing Process model 79–80
peripheries 30–52, 123
capturing the everyday 42–5
case selection 38, 45–6
categories of urban 36–8
auto-constructed 36–7
inherited 37
speculative 36
transitioning 37
vanguard 36
comparisons 45–8
conceptualising 33, 35–6, 38–9
diversity 46, 48–9
drivers of change 39–42
literature review 33–5
mixed methods research 31–3
Piesang River 82–5, 83
Pieterse, Edgar 1, 12, 13–14, 40, 74, 151, 155
platform economy 168–9
popular insurance 154
power purchase agreements (PPAs) 125
public health 61, 65, 167, 172, 181
public spheres 173
qualitative methodology 32–3, 48–9
Rayner, Steve 172, 173
Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) housing
Namibia Stop 8 79–81, 80
Piesang River 83, 84
recycling 101, 102, 110, 111, 113
renewable energy 124–5, 131
embedded generation 132–3
Eskom's resistance to 124, 125, 132
limitations in informal settings 127–8, 179–80
small-scale waste-to-energy generation 103–4
Renewable Energy Independent Producer Procurement Programme 125
resilience 63, 64, 68, 177
Revi, Aromar 56, 67, 68–9
risk
hedging and networking to mitigate 143–6, 150, 159–60
insurance schemes and management of 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 156–7
popular insurance and 154
risk-sensitive and transformative development, transitioning towards 53–72, 55
accountability of local leadership 59, 65–6, 68
blockages and opportunities 55–8, 55
collaborations between government and communities 59–60, 62, 63–4, 64–5, 66–7, 68, 69
data and forecasting 64, 66
data and monitoring gaps 56, 58–9, 61–2, 66, 67, 69
donor priorities 55, 59, 61, 66, 67, 68–9
exposure to risk in sub-Saharan Africa 53–4
fragmented governance 57, 59, 60–1, 63, 64, 65–6, 67, 68
in Ibadan 60–2
in Karonga 58–60
in Nairobi 62–5
in Niamey 65–7
Robinson, Jennifer 12–13, 34, 98
Rockefeller Foundation 179
100 Resilient Cities (100RC) 63, 89, 90
Roy, Ananya 12–13, 76, 98
Rwanda 111
savings groups 79, 82, 85
Sawyer, Lindsay 34–5, 46
Schipper, E.L.F. 57
science and technology studies 20–1
science of cities 20
segregation, racial 123–4, 127
self-build housing 75, 77–8, 78–9
Havelock 85–7, 86
Namibia Stop 8 79–82, 80
Piesang River 82–5, 83
self-reliance 77, 78, 143–4
services
in informal settlements 76, 87, 88, 90, 121, 127–8, 138, 179–80
partnerships to provide 68
in peripheries 37, 40–1, 47
responsibility for delivery of basic 132
Sierra Leone 60
Simone, AbdouMaliq 13–14, 40, 41, 98, 150, 151, 155, 159
social security 147, 149, 150, 156, 157
tripartite structure of bridge, pension fund and 151–5
socio-material flows 98–9
solar
panels 128, 132–3, 179–80
water heaters 138
South Africa
constitution 135–6, 137
COVID-19 167
densification of urban form 128
energy poverty 123
exceptionalism 5–6
governance 40, 104, 110–11, 137, 138
housing
challenge 74–5, 90, 123
top-down 76–7
prevalence of informal settlements 73, 75, 89
racially segregated neighbourhoods 123–4, 127
social inequalities in 100, 103, 104, 113, 123
unemployment 111
urbanisation 122–3
urban peripheries see eThekwini; Gauteng
South African Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SASDI) 77, 79, 85
Special Planning Areas (SPAs) 64, 68
Stengers, Isabelle 174–5
Strathern, Marilyn 22, 151, 152
suburbanisation 34
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 53, 54, 69, 90, 121
Tanzania 143–4, 147, 154
welfare 146–7, 149, 150, 153, 157
temporality 15–17, 19, 149, 153, 156, 158
Thomas, W.I. 15
transformative urban development see risk-sensitive and transformative development, transitioning towards
transitions theory 57, 68
translational research 14, 169–70
transport
2030 and public 128
corridors, densification along 128
facilities 36, 37, 41, 127
high costs for low-income households 75, 123
infrastructure see Nyerere Bridge
Uber 22–3
Uganda 40, 105
uncertainty 144, 146, 152, 156–7
unemployment 46–7, 101, 111
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 105
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 105, 107
United States of America (US) 167, 172, 175, 179
Urban Africa: Risk, Knowledge (Urban ARK) 54, 55, 60, 62, 64, 66, 69
urban imaginaries 1–2, 12, 153
urban planning 19–20, 56, 59, 65, 66
grassroots processes 78
urban political ecology (UPE) 98–100
urban research
diverse approaches to 7–10
diverse dispositions to 10–14, 169–70
diverse epistemologies of 15–23
US Agency for International Development (USAID) 179
uTshani Fund 79, 81, 82–3, 88, 91
value extraction from waste 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 107, 108–10
Voortrekker Road Corridor 128
Walsh, Catherine 180–1
waste contact zones 175–6
waste management in South Africa 96–120
and across global south 96, 97, 100
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
financially legitimising waste-to-value projects 108–10
internationalisation of financing 104–8
community management 110–13
Clean City/Keep Ekurhuleni Clean programme 112
Jozi@Work 112
WasteWise 112–13
enclosing commons of 107, 109, 110
international capital in 100, 102, 103, 109
job creation and 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114
literature review 99
social ecologies of ‘greening’ 100–1
as a socio-material flow 98–100
technology and labour in 101–3, 114
urban political ecology 98–100
value extraction 96, 97, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 107, 108–10
waste-pickers 96, 109–10
waste-to-energy
anaerobic digestion 102–4
incineration 102
landfill gas projects 102, 103, 105, 106, 107–8, 109, 110
small-scale renewable energy generation 103–4
WasteWise 112–13
Watts, Michael 10–11, 12
welfare 146–7, 149, 150, 153, 157
WesCape 128
World Bank 7, 59, 61, 66, 123, 124
world cities 160–1
worldliness 160
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African cities and collaborative futures

Urban platforms and metropolitan logistics

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Cover African cities and collaborative futures
Subjects:
Human Geography
Keywords:
African cities; infrastructure; seeing like a city
Page Count:
209
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Manchester University Press

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Cover Turning up the heat

Turning up the heat

Urban political ecology for a climate emergency

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28 Feb 2023
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Urban political ecology (UPE) has been conceptually influential and empirically robust, however the field has mainly focused on the way cities are metabolically linked and networked with resource flows and ecological processes. Currently, in the face of climate change challenges, scholars working on UPE are taking the field in new directions: from expanding the field of enquiry to include more than human actors, to shifting the geographical focus to overlooked peripheries, the Global South or the suburbs. Although cities are framed by the New Urban Agenda, adopted by the UN Habitat 2016, as central actors, the very ontological status of cities is also questioned, with important implications for UPE. We argue that in order to answer these emerging questions we need renewed, qualified, conceptually robust and empirically substantiated research that does not come from already privileged vintage points or geographical locations. This book launches an inquiry into a UPE better informed by situated knowledges; an embodied UPE, that puts equal attention to the role of more than -human ontologies and processes of capital accumulation. The book aims to extend UPE analysis to new places and perspectives. As discussions regarding the environment are now dominated by policy makers, planners and politicians, it is more crucial than ever, we argue to maintain a critical engagement with mainstream policy and academic debates.

Cover Border images, border narratives

Border images, border narratives

The political aesthetics of boundaries and crossings

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02 Feb 2021
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This interdisciplinary volume explores the role of images and representation in different borderscapes. It provides fresh insight into the ways in which borders, borderscapes and migration are imagined and narrated by offering new ways to approach the political aesthetics of the border. The case studies in the volume contribute to the methodological renewal of border studies and present ways of discussing cultural representations of borders and related processes. The case studies address the role of borders in narrative and images in literary texts, political and popular imagery, surveillance data, video art and survivor testimonies in a highly comparative range of geographical contexts ranging from northern Europe, via Mediterranean and Mexican–US borderlands to Chinese borderlands. The disciplinary approaches include critical theory, literary studies, social anthropology, media studies and political geography. The volume argues that borderlands and border-crossings (such as those by migrants) are present in public discourse and more private, everyday experience. This volume addresses their mediation through various stories, photographs, films and other forms. It suggests that narratives and images are part of the borderscapes in which border-crossings and bordering processes take place, contributing to the negotiation of borders in the public sphere. As the case studies show, narratives and images enable identifying various top-down and bottom-up discourses to be heard and make visible different minority groups and constituencies.
Cover Urban transformations and public health in the emergent city

Urban transformations and public health in the emergent city

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Urban transformations and public health in the emergent city examines how urban health and wellbeing are shaped by migration, mobility, racism, sanitation and gender. Adopting a global focus, spanning Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America, the essays in this volume bring together a wide selection of voices that explore the interface between social, medical and natural sciences. This interdisciplinary approach, moving beyond traditional approaches to urban research, offers a unique perspective on today’s cities and the challenges they face. Edited by Professor Michael Keith and Dr Andreza Aruska de Souza Santos, this volume also features contributions from leading thinkers on cities in Brazil, China, South Africa and the United Kingdom. This geographic diversity is matched by the breadth of their different fields, from mental health and gendered violence to sanitation and food systems. Together, they present a complex yet connected vision of a ‘new biopolitics’ in today’s metropolis, one that requires an innovative approach to urban scholarship regardless of geography or discipline. This volume, featuring chapters from a number of renowned authors including the former deputy mayor of Rio de Janeiro Luiz Eduardo Soares, is an important resource for anyone seeking to better understand the dynamics of urban change. With its focus on the everyday realities of urban living, from health services to public transport, it contains valuable lessons for academics, policy makers and practitioners alike.