Across the early decades of the seventeenth century, Englishmen and women moved through a physical, social, and mental world organised into a carefully maintained balance of motion and pause. This book examines how seventeenth-century English architectural theorists and designers rethought the domestic built environment in terms of mobility, as motion became a dominant mode of articulating the world across discourses. These discourses encompassed philosophy, political theory, poetry, and geography. From mid-century, the house and estate that had evoked staccato rhythms became triggers for mental and physical motion-evoking travel beyond England's shores, displaying vistas, and showcasing changeable wall surfaces. The book sets in its cultural context a strand of historical analysis stretching back to the nineteenth century Heinrich Wolfflin. It brings together the art, architectural, and cultural historical strands of analysis by examining why seventeenth-century viewers expected to be put in motion and what the effects were of that motion. Vistas, potentially mobile wall surface, and changeable garden provided precisely the essential distraction that rearticulated social divisions and assured the ideal harmony. Alternately feared and praised early in the century for its unsettling unpredictability, motion became the most certain way of comprehending social interactions, language, time, and the buildings that filtered human experience. At the heart of this book is the malleable sensory viewer, tacitly assumed in early modern architectural theory and history whose inescapable responsiveness to surrounding stimuli guaranteed a dependable world from the seventeenth century.
Archival sources and private papers
British Film Institute
British Library, St Pancras
National Sound Archives
Henry Moore Institute, Leeds
Betty Rea collection
Imperial War Museum
D series of Home Front photographs
Ministry of Information folder
Oral History collections
Leo Baeck Institution
Library of Congress, Washington
London Metropolitan Archives
LCC Architects’ Department collection
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Marx Memorial Library
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Museum of Domestic Design & Architecture, Middlesex
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Architectural Review
Art and Industry
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Levin, Richard, interviewed by Norman Swallow and Alan Lawson on 3 September 1991: https://historyproject.org.uk/interview/richard-levin
Moro, Peter, interview with Louise Brodie, BL National Sound Archives
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, ‘Colour Bar Notoriety in Britain’, in Nancy Cunard (ed.), Negro: Anthology Made by Nancy Cunard (London: Wishart and Co., 1934)
Art & Industry: Report of the Committee Appointed by the Board of Trade Under the Chairmanship of Lord Gorell on the Production and Exhibition of Articles of Good Design and Every-Day Use (London: HMSO, 1932)
, Propaganda: The Public Mind in the Making (Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1928)
, Jack Bilbo: An Autobiography (The first forty years of the complete and intimate life-story of an Artist, Author, Sculptor, Art Dealer, Philosopher, Psychologist, Traveller and a Modernist Fighter for Humanity) (self-published, 1948)
, Press, Parliament and People (London: William Heinemann, 1946)
, ‘Design for Ceremony and Exhibitions’, in Herbert Read (ed.), The Practice of Design (London: Lund Humphries, 1946)
, Exhibition Design (London: Architectural Press, 1950)
, ‘Propaganda in Three Dimensions’ [1949], in (ed.), The Black Papers on Design: Selected Writings of the Late Sir Misha Black (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1983)
, The Artist’s Dilemma (London: The Bodley Head, 1947)
, Inside the Left (London: Allen & Unwin, 1942)
, The Common Sense of Science (London: Heinemann, 1951)
, Another Part of the Wood: A Self Portrait (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1985)
, Enemies of Promise (London: Routledge Kegan Paul, 1938)
Evans, Myfanwy (ed.), The Painter’s Object (London: Gerald Howe, 1937)
, Over My Shoulder (London: Studio, 1960)
, Our Hidden Lives: The Everyday Diaries of a Forgotten Britain 1945–1948 (London: Random House, 2004)
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, John Grierson: On Documentary (London: Collins, 1946)
, Advertising and the Artist (London: Studio Publications, 1956)
, Looking Forward: Mass Education through Publicity (London: Nisbet, 1920)
, ‘Visual Art behind the Wire’, in David Cesarani and Tony Kushner (eds), The Internment of Aliens in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Frank Cass, 1993)
, Brave New World (London: Chatto & Windus, 1932)
, Contemporary Art Applied to the Store and Its Display (London: Pitman, 1930)
, Propaganda (London: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1938)
, Television by Design (London: Bodley Head, 1961)
, The Story of Exhibitions (London: Studio, 1951)
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, Painting Photography Film (London: Lund Humphries, 1986)
, Vision in Motion (Chicago, IL: Hillison and Etten, 1947)
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, The Enigma of Arrival (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987)
, Room and Book (London: Soncino Press, 1932)
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, Falsehood in Wartime (London: Allen & Unwin, 1928)
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Unit 1: The Modern Movement in English Architecture, Painting and Sculpture (London: Cassell, 1934)
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, ‘“Lines of Becoming” Misha Black and Entanglements through Exhibition Design’, Journal of Design History, vol. 34, issue 1, March 2021
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, ‘The Exhibitionary Complex’, New Formations, vol. 4, Spring 1988
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, Virginia Woolf as Feminist (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004)
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, Material Modernism: The Politics of the Page (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001)
, The Empire Exhibition Fifty Years On (Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, 1988)
, ‘Forms of Capital’, in J. E. Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory of Research for the Sociology of Education (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986)
and , Britain at the Venice Biennale 1895–1995 (London: The British Council, 1995)
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, ‘“The Exercise of a Peculiar Art-Skill”: Kenneth Clark’s Design Advocacy and the Council of Industrial Design’, Visual Culture in Britain, vol. 16, no. 1, 2015
, ‘Exhibiting “The Taste of Everyday Things”: Kenneth Clark and CEMA’s Wartime Exhibitions of Design’, in Liz Farrelly and Joanna Weddell (eds), Design Objects and the Museum (London: Bloomsbury, 2016)
, The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution since Medieval Times (London and New York: Routledge, 1988)
and , A Matter of Intelligence: M15 and the Surveillance of Anti-Nazi Refugees, 1933–50 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2015)
Brinson, Charmian and Richard Dove (eds), Politics by Other Means: The Free German League of Culture in London, 1939–1946 (London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2010)
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, ‘“Come and see the empire by the all red route!”: Anti-imperialism and Exhibitions in Inter-war Britain’, History Workshop Journal, vol. 69, no. 1, 2010
, ‘Refugee Artists in Great Britain’, Art and Artists, April 1984
, ‘The Lost Art of Felicia Browne’, History Workshop Journal, issue 54, 2002
, ‘From Faktura to Factography’, October, no. 30, Autumn 1984
, Designing Modern Britain (London: Reaktion, 2007)
, and , Isotype Design and Contexts, 1925–1971 (London: Hyphen Press, 2014)
, Representing Empire (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006)
, Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015)
, ‘The MARS Group, 1933–1939’, RIBA Transactions, issue no. 8, vol. 4, no. 2, 1985
, ‘John Heartfield in England’, in John Heartfield 1891–1968: Photomontages (London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1969)
, Moholy-Nagy in Britain, 1935–7 (London: Lund Humphries, 2019)
, Cold War on the Home Front: The Soft Power of Midcentury Design (Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota University Press, 2009)
Cesarani, David and Tony Kushner (eds), The Internment of Aliens in Twentieth Century Britain (London: Frank Cass, 1993)
Chantrell, Glynnis (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Word Histories (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002)
, The British at War: Cinema, State and Propaganda, 1939–45 (London: I.B. Tauris, 2011)
, Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (New York: Pantheon, 1988)
, Art and Propaganda in the Twentieth Century: The Political Image in Mass Culture (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997)
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and , Lubetkin and Tecton: Architecture and Social Commitment (London: Arts Council, 1981)
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, ‘The Empire from the Street: Virginia Woolf, Wembley, and Imperial Monuments’, Modern Fiction Studies, vol. 50, no. 1, Spring 2004
, Privacy and Publicity: Modern Architecture as Mass Media (Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 1996)
, Female Philanthropy in the Interwar World (London: Bloomsbury, 2018)
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, ‘Labour, the Left and the Stalinist Purges of the Late 1930s’, The Historical Journal, vol. 48, no. 1, March 2005
Visiting Picasso: The Notebooks and Letters of Roland Penrose (London: Thames & Hudson, 2006)
and , ‘Horatio Bottomley and the Rise of John Bull Magazine’, Media History, vol. 25, no. 1, 2019
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, Suspensions of Perception: Attention, Spectacle and Modern Culture (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999)
Danchev, Alex (ed.), 100 Artists’ Manifestos (London: Penguin, 2011)
, ‘“Enriching and enlarging the whole sphere of human activities”: The Work of the Voluntary Sector in Housing Reform in Inter-War Britain’, in Christopher Lawrence and Anna-K. Mayer (eds), Regenerating England: Science, Medicine and Culture in Inter-War Britain (Leiden: Brill, 2000)
, ‘Institutionalizing English Modernism 1924–33: From the Vers Group to MARS’, Architectural History, vol. 55, 2012
, Re-forming Britain: Narratives of Modernity before Reconstruction (London: Routledge, 2007)
, ‘“The star in the profession she invented for herself”: A Brief Biography of Elizabeth Denby, Housing Consultant’, Planning Perspectives, vol. 20, July 2005
, ‘“To induce humanitarian sentiments in prurient Londoners”: The Propaganda Activities of London’s Voluntary Housing Associations in the Inter-War Period’, The London Journal, vol. 27, no. 1, 2002
, The Architect as Stand Designer: Building Exhibitions 1895–1983 (London: Scolar, 1985)
, ‘Anti-fascist Activities amongst Women Artists in the 1930s in Britain’, in Concha Lomba Serrano and Alberto Castán Chocarro (eds), Las mujeres en el sistema artístico (1804–1939)/Women in the Art Scene (1804–1939) (Madrid: Universidad de Madrid, 2022)
, Women Artists between the Wars: ‘A fair field and no favour’ (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2010)
, The Migrant Image: The Art and Politics of Documentary during Global Crisis (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013)
, Le Corbusier Penseur du Musée (Paris : Flammarion, 2019)
, and , ‘“Astounding and Encouraging”: High and Low Art Produced in Internment on the Isle of Man during the Second World War’, in Gilly Carr and Harold Mytum (eds), Cultural Heritage and Prisoners of War: Creativity behind Barbed War (Abingdon: Routledge, 2012)
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, ‘Articulations of the Cinematic Code’, Cinemantics, vol. 1, January 1970
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, Jack Bilbo & the Moderns, exh. cat. (London: England & Co. Gallery, 1990)
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