Elif Uzgören
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in The political economy of Turkey's integration into Europe
Chapter DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526172549.00014
Online Publication Date:
11 Mar 2025
Free access

Index

accumulation 5, 10, 19–20, 28–30, 32, 39, 41–45, 48–50, 55–56, 60, 95, 139, 143–144, 158
Additional Protocol 40, 44–45, 52, 55, 69, 70, 101
agency 4, 5, 10, 14, 16–17, 27, 30, 34, 38, 141
agriculture 6, 8, 43, 45, 72–73, 77, 79, 83, 86, 96, 102–104, 109, 118–120, 128–130, 134–136, 140, 146, 148, 150
ahistoricism 33
see also historicism
Akyüz, Yılmaz 50, 62–63, 67–68
Ankara Agreement 44, 69
antagonism 10, 14, 25, 31, 33, 46, 80, 103, 142
Association for the Support and Training of Women Candidates (Ka-der) 96–97
association partnership 1, 39, 44, 103
authoritarianism 11, 25, 35, 58, 62–63, 65, 119, 136, 143
authoritarian neoliberalism 7, 12–13, 39, 40, 55, 57–58, 61–62, 65, 113, 119, 140, 144
see also neoliberalism
automotive industry 54, 72–74, 79–80, 89, 140, 147
 
Bedirhanoğlu, Pınar 7, 62–63, 68, 145
Bieler, Andreas 6, 9–10, 17, 19–20, 29, 31, 35–36, 56, 60–61, 73, 84, 87, 96, 143, 157
Boratav, Korkut 40, 43–44, 48–50
Buci-Glucksmann, Christine 33, 59
Buğday Association for Supporting Ecological Living (Buğday) 108, 111–112, 134, 153
Buğra, Ayşe 12, 64, 140, 158
 
Callinicos, Alex 17, 23–25, 48
capitalism 3, 5, 7–8, 10, 12–17, 19, 22, 24–25, 28–38, 40–42, 48, 55–58, 60–61, 66, 69, 81, 84, 92, 96–97, 104–107, 111, 131, 140, 142–143, 153–155, 157–158
capitalist accumulation 5, 10, 28, 30, 39, 42, 60, 139
capitalist discipline 10, 15, 36, 52, 85, 104, 142–143, 147–148, 158
global capitalism 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19–20, 22, 28–29, 31, 38, 55, 57, 61, 69
carbon footprint 114, 117–118, 134, 151
Çelik, Aziz 65–66, 85, 116
Central Bank 50, 64–65, 95–96, 100, 124–127, 146
China 1–2, 17, 57, 59, 61, 113–114, 116–117, 123, 125, 127, 129, 136, 151, 155
class 3, 5–12, 14–15, 17–20, 22, 24–42, 44, 46–49, 51, 56–58, 61, 64–67, 70, 72–73, 80–81, 84–88, 90, 92–94, 96–97, 103, 107–111, 119–120, 126, 129, 137, 139–148, 150–152, 155, 157–158
class politics 14, 22, 34, 90, 107
class reductionism 9, 14, 28, 37, 142
class strategy 48, 87, 92, 111, 137, 148, 155
class struggle 3, 5, 7, 8–12, 14–15, 19–20, 26, 29, 32, 35–37, 39, 47, 72, 81, 84, 90, 94, 96, 107–109, 139–143, 157–158
intra-class struggle 9, 14, 19–20, 84, 140
rival-class strategy 6, 12, 20, 86–88, 92, 110–111, 137, 145, 147–148, 152, 155, 157
circular economy 115, 118, 124, 128
civil society 9, 11–13, 15, 18, 29, 31, 38, 62, 69, 73, 77, 86, 88–89, 92–93, 95–96, 104–105, 109–111, 115, 132–133, 141–142, 147–148, 154
coercion 12, 58, 63, 145
coercive 11, 18, 31, 40, 58, 61, 63, 120, 144
commodification 60, 63, 65, 74, 82, 96
common sense 107, 141
Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions of Turkey (Disk) 47, 49, 53, 78–81, 90, 119, 147, 152
Confederation of Public Employees Trade Unions (Kesk) 79, 90, 149
Confederation of Public Employees’ Trade Unions (Türkiye Kamu-Sen) 79, 89
Confederation of Public Servants Trade Unions (Memur-Sen) 79, 85–86, 90
Confederation of Turkish Real Trade Unions (Hak-İş) 54, 78–79, 81–82, 85–87, 90
Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (Türk-İş) 53–54, 79, 83, 90–91, 119–120, 122, 137, 148
Confederation of United Public Workers’ Unions (Birleşik Kamu-İş) 79, 90
consent 11, 18, 70, 141, 144
constructivism 4–5
core and periphery 5, 6, 61, 113
see also periphery
COVID-19 pandemic 5–6, 11–13, 39–40, 56–57, 60, 65, 113–114, 116–117, 119–120, 127, 129, 134, 136, 145, 151–152, 155–156
Cox, Robert W. 5, 19, 39, 41–42, 44–47, 51, 81, 84, 94–95, 102, 110, 144, 146
critical political economy 5–7, 39, 58, 62, 70, 93, 141, 157
Customs Union 1, 3, 6, 8–9, 11, 13, 40, 44, 53–54, 69–70, 72–74, 76, 80–81, 86–88, 98, 100–103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 118–119, 125, 128, 130, 139, 143, 146, 148, 149, 155, 157
Cyprus 1, 47, 53–55, 69, 76, 83–84, 88, 91, 97–99, 101–102, 110, 123, 128, 148–149, 155
 
deindustrialisation 5–6, 10–11, 14, 50, 59, 61, 73, 82, 84, 87, 124, 142, 148
delocalisation of production 1, 58, 74, 87, 98, 122, 146
democratic backsliding 2, 12, 62, 68, 153
democratisation 8, 61–62, 78, 82, 84, 87, 103, 107, 110, 127, 130–131, 137, 141, 147–148, 153–154
de-unionisation 73, 80, 82–83, 87, 102, 147
developed countries 105, 120, 130, 135
developing countries 6, 41, 54, 61, 80, 83, 120, 130, 134–135, 149, 153
dialectical 10, 15, 29, 34, 38
digitalisation 6, 10, 14, 28, 61, 116, 128, 136, 157
discourse 26, 29, 31–32, 40, 43, 52, 65, 73, 78, 86, 104, 118, 121, 131, 136, 144
discourse theory 29, 31–32
dissent 12, 40, 52, 58, 70, 86, 94, 97, 120, 129, 144, 152, 157
Doğa 104, 108, 112, 132–134
dualism 10, 15, 29, 38
 
Eastern Mediterranean 2, 68, 127
ecology 8–9, 12, 35, 124, 130, 134, 150, 152
ecological crisis 108, 111, 114–116, 118, 129–130, 150, 153
economic-corporate phase 9, 12, 18, 73, 88, 92, 146, 150–151, 153
economic vested interests 12, 73, 77, 88, 109, 150
Economic Development Foundation (IKV) 73, 78, 89, 115, 118
emancipation 24, 34, 36, 96, 108, 142
emerging market 1, 5–6, 40, 50, 60, 62, 70, 144
enlargement 1–4, 6–7, 19, 53, 55, 68–69, 113, 121, 127, 130, 141, 152, 156
essentialism 9, 14, 22, 24–25, 28–29, 32, 35, 37, 142
economic essentialism 9, 14, 28–29, 37, 142
etatism 42
Eurocentric 4, 16–17
European integration 3, 4, 6, 12, 19, 87, 110, 113, 115, 123, 145, 148
European Green Deal 114–117, 124–125, 128, 136
European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) 101–102
European Social Model 75, 77, 81–83, 87, 103, 148–149, 157
European Studies 3, 6, 141
European Trade Union Confederation 57, 83
Europeanisation 4, 61, 96
de-Europeanisation 4
 
false consciousness 66
Federici, Silvia 36, 143
feminism 6, 12, 36, 107, 109, 131
feminist movement 96, 104–108, 158
financialisation 11, 40, 50, 55–57, 62–67, 70, 78, 144–145
food security 129
Fordism 40, 42, 45, 48
Fordist accumulation 43–44, 143
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 20–23, 37, 70, 74–76, 101, 109–110, 117, 128, 130, 140, 145–146, 151
fraction 7, 14, 19–21, 37, 44, 46, 49–50, 53, 87–88, 94, 97, 140, 146–148, 157
free movement of workers 2, 6, 8, 12, 81, 84, 86, 88, 100, 121, 137, 148–149, 154–155, 157
 
geostrategic rivalry 5, 13, 113–114, 129, 136, 151, 155
Gezi Park protests 2, 11, 40, 61, 63, 68, 70, 127, 132–133, 144, 154
globalisation 3, 5–12, 19–20, 28, 31, 35, 45, 51–52, 56–57, 63, 71–88, 92, 96–100, 102–107, 109–111, 113–114, 119–120, 126, 128–129, 131–132, 139–141, 144, 146–149
deglobalisation 5, 8, 12, 113–114, 131, 136, 140, 151
Global North 59, 61, 135
Global South 5–6, 59, 60–62, 135
global political economy 3, 5, 39, 62, 139, 143, 155, 157
global supply chain 5, 13, 65, 116–117, 126, 136, 145, 151, 155
Gramsci, Antonio 10–11, 17–18, 24, 26, 29, 32–34, 39, 41–42, 48, 51, 57, 59, 69, 73, 78, 89, 93–95, 141–142, 144, 147
Gramscian historical materialism 10, 39, 57, 69
Great Recession 11, 28, 39, 55–57, 60, 62, 70, 113, 119, 136, 144
Greece 1–2, 17, 27, 44, 53, 57, 68, 81, 91, 102, 105, 127, 148, 155
Greenpeace 97, 104
Green transition 6, 115, 124, 130, 136, 150
gross domestic product (GDP) 20–21, 23, 57, 114, 140
 
Hardt, Michael 10, 25–28, 37, 142
Harvey, David 24, 56
Ha–vet (No–Yes) 6, 12, 87, 92, 110–111, 113, 137, 145, 147–148, 152–153
hegemony 5, 9, 15, 17–21, 25–26, 30–36, 40–42, 47, 49, 51, 57, 73, 77, 85, 88, 90, 92, 94–95, 97–98, 100, 109, 113, 129, 139, 141–144, 146, 151–152, 157
counter-hegemonic 5, 12, 57, 92, 110, 141
hegemonic project 5, 11, 26, 43, 57, 84, 144, 147, 150
Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly 97, 104, 132
Helsinki European Council 1, 4, 55, 72, 78
historical bloc 39, 42–43, 45, 63, 106, 110, 141
see also hegemony
historical materialism 6, 9–10, 14–15, 18, 22–25, 28–29, 33–35, 37–39, 57, 69, 96, 139, 141–143
historicism 32–34, 38, 142
Howarth, David 24–26
human rights 15, 22, 35, 68, 75, 96–97, 101, 104–107, 109–111, 115, 119, 121, 122, 126, 131–132, 137, 140–141, 143, 148–149, 154
Human Rights Association (IHD) 97, 104, 106–107, 131–132, 154
 
ideational 4, 10, 15, 29, 38, 77
identity politics 8, 10, 14, 22, 38, 67, 92, 94–95, 120, 140–142, 144–145, 152
imperialism 5, 26, 41, 69, 83, 129–130, 134, 149
import-substitution industrialisation (ISI) 40, 43–45, 47, 52, 143
Independent Industrialists and Businessmen Association (Müsiad) 54, 73, 75–76, 89, 116–118
individualism 10, 14, 142, 152–153
industrialisation 11, 17, 40–41, 43–45, 50, 59, 61, 100, 143
informal economy 52, 65, 84, 91, 120
integral state 19, 95, 142
intergovernmentalism 3
Internal Market 8, 72–74, 76, 80–81, 84, 87, 146–148
internationalism 20, 32, 37, 80–81, 84, 87, 104, 109, 121–122, 126, 137
international solidarity 80
internationalisation 17, 20, 46, 80, 95, 100, 102, 105, 146, 148
internationally oriented capital 9, 11, 51, 53, 73–74, 77, 86, 88, 110, 113–116, 135, 145, 150–151
see also fraction
internationally oriented labour 11, 46, 79–81, 87, 111, 120, 147–148
International Labour Organization (ILO) 101
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 48, 50, 72, 83, 91, 101, 139
 
Justice and Development Party (AKP) 1–2, 6, 11–12, 39–40, 49, 51–52, 55, 61–68, 70–71, 85–86, 90, 93–94, 97–98, 109–110, 119, 123–126, 136, 144–147, 151–152, 155, 158
 
Keyder, Çağlar 41–44, 93, 140
Keynesian 11, 40, 42, 60, 70, 155
Koç, Yıldırım 48, 83
Kurdish problem 61, 81, 84, 88, 90, 95, 97–98, 100, 106, 111, 126, 148–149, 154
Kurdish peace process 63, 131, 154
 
Labour and Freedom Alliance 125–126, 137, 154
Laclau, Ernesto 9, 25–26, 29–35, 37, 108, 142
Lapavitsas, Costas 55–56
 
materialism 29
material content 4, 29
Marx, Karl 19, 25, 28, 32
membership on equal terms and conditions 12, 82–83, 87–88, 99, 109, 111, 147, 149
methodological nationalism 7, 16
migration 6, 8, 11–12, 40, 69, 71, 82, 105, 114, 120, 123–124, 128, 133, 135–137, 150, 152–157
migrant worker 47, 65, 81, 120
readmission agreement 2, 126, 133, 135, 137, 156
refugee 65, 109, 118, 120, 122, 126, 133, 135, 137–138, 153, 156
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs 96, 102–104, 130
Ministry of Commerce and Industry 96, 146
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 68, 96, 101, 146
Ministry of Labour and Social Security 96, 102–103
mode of production 15, 17, 32–33, 48
moderate form of Islam 1, 40, 51, 63, 70
moral and intellectual leadership 17, 40, 47, 70, 143–144, 150
Morton, Adam David 6, 10, 17, 19, 29–36, 41, 48, 60–61, 96, 143
Mouffe, Chantal 9, 25–26, 29–35, 37, 108, 142
multitude 10, 27–28, 35, 37, 142
 
Nation Alliance 123–124, 137
nationalism 3, 7, 16, 83, 90, 128–129, 131, 150
nationally oriented capital 6, 9, 11, 54, 73, 75–76, 86, 118, 140, 146, 151, 155
see also fraction
nationally oriented labour 11, 37, 46, 73, 79, 82, 84, 87–88, 110, 119, 121–122, 137, 148, 152
see also fraction
Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) 47, 51, 63, 94–95, 99–100, 123, 145
nearshoring 113–114, 117, 120, 136, 151, 155
negative integration 2, 6, 103, 109, 155
Negri, Antonio 10, 25–28, 37, 142
neoliberalism 7, 12, 40, 49, 51, 57–58, 66–67, 70, 81, 85, 94, 104, 107, 119, 132, 143–145, 154, 156–157
neoliberal form of state 48–49, 52, 96, 102, 144
neo-mercantilism 6, 12, 42, 44, 46, 69, 92, 110–111, 113, 137, 145, 147–149, 152, 154–155, 157
Nişancıoğlu, Kerem 4, 16, 17
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 2, 42, 102, 126, 130, 154
 
open-ended struggle 5, 19, 71, 137
see also class struggle
organic crisis 19, 59
organic intellectual 48, 73, 77
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 43, 65
Ottoman Empire 2, 40–42
outsourcing 11, 66, 76, 87, 146
Overbeek, Henk 18, 55, 57
 
passive revolution 9, 19, 41–42, 47–48, 51, 70, 143, 156
patriarchy 8–9, 15, 28, 35, 96, 108, 140, 143, 148–149, 153–154
Pax Americana 40, 42–44, 69
People's Alliance 123, 145
periphery 3, 5–6, 11–12, 17, 26, 39–42, 46, 48, 55, 57, 60–61, 88, 93, 113, 121, 133, 135, 139, 155
periphery of Europe 3, 139, 155
political Islam 90, 156, 158
political recognition 10, 14, 37, 141, 143
political subjectivity 10, 25–26, 28, 37, 142
populism 2, 5, 8, 10–12, 40, 43, 55, 59, 67, 86, 111, 118, 134, 150, 154
positive integration 2, 6, 81, 103, 109, 155
post-Marxism 10, 14–15, 22, 25, 28–30, 32–33, 35, 38, 142, 149
postmodernism 24, 30
poststructuralism 26–27, 29–30, 34, 107, 142, 149
power relations 3, 5, 31–32, 119, 139, 141
praxis 14, 26, 28–29, 34, 37, 108, 142
privatisation 12, 50, 58, 60, 63–66, 74, 82, 104, 111, 120, 145, 152, 156
privileged partnership 8, 84, 99, 110, 149, 155
pro-membership project 11–12, 72–75, 77, 86–87, 92, 101, 109–110, 113, 117, 140–141, 145–147, 151–153
public employees 9, 74, 78–79, 82, 85, 90, 92, 148
 
radical and plural democracy 10, 26, 142
regionalisation 7, 110, 113, 118, 120, 123, 125, 148, 153
relations of force 18, 96, 106–107
see also united front
relations of production 19, 21, 25–26, 29, 36, 45, 143
Republican People's Party (CHP) 43, 45, 93–94, 98–99, 110, 123–125, 158
Robinson, William I. 19–20, 42, 46, 76, 146
Rodrik, Dani 56, 61
Rosenberg, Justin 16–17, 58–59
rule of law 62, 64, 68, 75–76, 97, 101, 110, 121–122, 125–126, 131, 153–154
Russia 2, 15, 57, 118, 123, 125, 127, 131
 
Secretariat General for EU Affairs 96, 101, 146
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation 2, 118, 121, 123, 153
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) 8–9, 45, 51–52, 54, 65, 70, 72, 73, 75–76, 84, 86, 89, 92, 94–95, 98, 102–103, 109–110, 116–118, 136, 140, 144–146
social change 14, 27, 114, 142
Social Europe 6, 12, 84, 126, 148
social factory of capitalism 8, 10, 12–13, 92, 96, 104–105, 111, 131, 140, 143, 153–154
social forces 6–13, 19–20, 39–40, 43–45, 52–53, 63–64, 69–71, 92, 96, 106, 109–111, 135, 139–140, 143–157
socialism 14–15, 47, 94, 96
Socialist Feminist Collective 97, 106
social movement 22, 26, 34–35, 37, 108, 150
social relations of production 9–10, 17, 19–20, 29, 35, 39, 45, 69
social reproduction 10, 15, 27, 36–38, 67, 96, 104, 106, 109–110, 140, 143
social totality 15, 29, 34–36, 38–39, 142
socio-economic content 2, 5–6, 141
strong state 40–41, 47, 52, 77, 87, 93, 105, 140, 147–148
structure 2–3, 7, 12, 15, 17–20, 25–26, 29–30, 34, 36–38, 73, 76, 80–81, 139, 141–142, 146, 150, 155
agency-structure 34, 38
see also agency
base/superstructure 25–26
structural adjustment 40, 45–46, 48–50, 72, 83, 88, 139
subaltern 18, 48, 144
 
Team International Assistance for Integration (TIAFI) 108–109, 133, 135, 138
textile 8, 53–54, 72–74, 79–80, 89, 114, 140, 147
transactional 11, 69–70, 118, 128, 136, 157
Transition to a Stronger Turkish Economy 50–51, 78
transnational 19–21, 37, 45–46, 57, 85, 87, 96, 140, 146, 155
see also fraction
trasformismo 11, 40, 49, 51, 70, 81, 85, 93–94, 97, 144
Trotsky, Leon 15–16, 32
Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations (TISK) 73, 88
Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) 73, 78, 89
Turkish Exporters Assembly (TIM) 73, 88
Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, Reforestation and the Protection of Natural Habitats (TEMA) 104, 108–109, 111, 134, 153
Turkish Industry and Business Association (TÜSİAD) 53, 73–75, 88–89, 114–116
 
uneven and combined development 17, 32, 36–37, 41–42, 61, 139, 141–142, 155
Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB) 73, 75–76, 89, 117, 151
united front 84–85, 92, 106, 109, 140
United Metalworkers’ Union (Birleşik Metal-İş) 79, 91, 121, 137, 152
universal terrain 11–12, 31, 73–74, 77, 86, 109, 141
see also hegemony
 
van Apeldoorn, Bastiaan 6, 19–20, 57, 60–61
van der Pijl, Kees 10, 36, 55, 57, 96, 140, 143–144
 
war of position 48, 73, 141
Wood, Ellen Meiksins 14, 29–31, 33, 35–36, 107, 142–143
 
Yalman, Galip L. 7, 43, 47–49, 64–65, 141, 143, 152
 
Žižek, Slavoj 30, 142
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Cover The political economy of Turkey's integration into Europe

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Cover Building a peace economy?

Building a peace economy?

Liberal peacebuilding and the development-security industry

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21 Feb 2018
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This book critically examines the range of policies and programmes that attempt to manage economic activity that contributes to political violence. Beginning with an overview of over a dozen policies aimed at transforming these activities into economic relationships which support peace, not war, the book then offers a sustained critique of the reasons for limited success in this policy field. The inability of the range of international actors involved in this policy area, the Development-Security Industry (DSI), to bring about more peaceful political-economic relationships is shown to be a result of liberal biases, resulting conceptual lenses and operational tendencies within this industry. A detailed case study of responses to organised crime in Kosovo offers an in-depth exploration of these problems, but also highlights opportunities for policy innovation. This book offers a new framework for understanding both the problem of economic activity that accompanies and sometimes facilitates violence and programmes aimed at managing these forms of economic activity. Summaries of key arguments and frameworks, found within each chapter, provide accessible templates for both students and aid practitioners seeking to understand war economies and policy reactions in a range of other contexts. It also offers insight into how to alter and improve policy responses in other cases. As such, the book is accessible to a range of readers, including students interested in peace, conflict and international development as well as policy makers and practitioners seeking new ways of understanding war economies and improving responses to them.
Cover Pockets of resistance

Pockets of resistance

British news media, war and theory in the 2003 invasion of Iraq

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16 May 2016
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This book analyses British news media coverage of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. It describes the analytical framework that serves as the basis for theoretically informed and systematic analysis of wartime media performance. The book synthesises a range of models, hypotheses and explanatory variables to set out a framework composed of three models of news media performance: the elite-driven model, the independent model and the oppositional model. It provides three case studies which, in different ways, illuminate each model of news media performance in wartime. The three case studies include the case of Jessica Lynch, the case of Ali Abbas and the case of the anti-war movement. The book then presents an account of how the relationship between foreign policy, news media and war might be expected to operate, based on current theoretical understanding. In order to place British coverage of the invasion in context, the book offers brief summaries of the structure and character of Britain's television news services and its press. The book provides an analysis of the ways in which the news media's visual depictions of the war reinforced supportive coverage. It is devoted to documenting and analysing evidence for negotiated and oppositional coverage. The book also examines the representation of civilian casualties, military casualties and humanitarian operations across both television and press, three subject areas that generated a good deal of media criticism.
Cover The United States Supreme Court

The United States Supreme Court

A political and legal analysis, Second edition

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The United States Supreme Court is an important, exciting and controversial institution. This book includes the major decisions of the 2014 and 2015 Supreme Court Term. It examines some of the fascinating policy issues that are central to the Court by examining its contemporary agenda. The book analyses the Court's major decisions on controversial issues such as race, abortion, capital punishment and gay rights. It explains the ideas that underpinned the creation of the Supreme Court in the first place and how and why it has changed over the years. The book then investigates how the framers of the Constitution envisaged the nature and the role of the Supreme Court, and how and why these have evolved. With examples, it also explains the process by which the personal, the judicial and the political are interwoven in some of the Court's most important cases. Next, the book takes up the specifically judicial and legal basics of the Court's structure and processes and looks at the rules and procedures that govern the Justices' work. The key concept of judicial review, the source of the Court's power is then examined. The book moves on to analyse one of the most controversial features of the contemporary Supreme Court, the process of appointing new Justices, and examines the politicisation of the appointment process. Finally, it explores how powerful is the Court and what is its role in American government and politics.