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in Between the salt and the ash
Chapter DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526175380.00027
Online Publication Date:
18 Mar 2025
Free access

Index

Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations

‘A Creative Call to Arms’ open letter 117
A1 224, 240
A19 161, 163, 215–216, 217
Abdul 142–143
Acklington Park 89
Ad Gefrin, Wooler 54
Adventure Sunderland 181
Aged Merchant Seamen’s Homes 196
Aged Minerworkers’ Homes
Boldon Colliery 163–164
High Moorsley 223
Silksworth 214
South Shields 259
AI 117, 257
Aidan, Saint 7, 19–20, 38–39, 40, 53, 58
Albany 214
Aldhun, Bishop 217–218
Aldred the Scribe 239–240
Ale Gate, Alnwick 68
Alnmouth 80–81, 82
Alnwick 51, 67–68, 72, 89, 90–91, 95
Alwnick Castle 76
Alwnick Gardens 68, 76
Amble 72, 84–89, 91, 182
Amble Harbour 87
Amble Links First School 85
Angel Numbers 47
Angel of the North 184, 243
Angelic Upstarts 254
The Animals 9
Arbroath, Hospitalfield 19
Armstrong, Peter 17, 210, 221, 235
arts funding 107–108, 116
arts practice, socially engaged 219
Ash Path, the 169–171
Ashbrooke 213
Ashington Group, the see Pitmen Painters, the
Ashington 72, 98, 103–110
The Blacka 109
Central Billiard Saloon 104
colliery site 105
Colliery Trail 105
colliery workers’ terraces 104–105
The Hirst 107–108
The Old Ash Dene 105
Portland Park development 106
Ashington Cricket Club 104
Ashington Miners Amateur Boxing Club 103, 114
avian flu 122
Aykley Heads 234
Baden-Württemburg 116
Bailiffgate Museum, Alnwick 89
Bamburgh 20, 51, 52, 57, 91, 129
Bamburgh Bones project 52, 54
Bamburgh Castle 38, 52, 55, 56
Barley Mow 243
Barter Books 68
Bartram, Sam 255
Bartram’s Shipyard 194, 201
Batchelor, Paul 74, 105
Bath House, the 77
Beadnell 54, 59–65, 65, 76
Beadnell Bay 55
Beamish Museum 162, 234, 259
bearing witness 270–271
Bede, the Venerable 14–15, 40, 42, 55, 151, 167, 172, 175, 186–187
achievements 20
birth 153, 160
on Caedmon 82–83
Eccesiastical History of the English People 154
grave 15
Life of Cuthbert 79
mission 158, 179–180
Mouth of the Tyne miracle account 133
on founding of St Peter’s 182–183
parable of King Edwin’s conversion 147
reputation 153–154
things named after 184–185
tomb 156
travels 155–156
Bede Gallery 158
Bede Monastery Museum 152
Bede’s Bakehouse 184
Bede’s Cross, Roker Battery 177–180
Bede’s Way 23, 156–158, 169
Bede’s Well 47
Bede’s World 152–153, 159
Belmont 224
belonging 17–18
Benedict Biscop 20, 155, 175, 182–183, 186
Bensham 102–103
Benwell 86, 142
Berwick-upon-Tweed 62
Bewick, Ernie 193–194
The Big Meeting (film) 223
Billy Shiel’s Boat Trips 57
Bishop’s Wearmouth 192
Blackman-Woods, Roberta 92
Blackstone 117
Blair, Tony 75
Bloodaxe 122
The Blue House, Hendon 188, 202
Blyth 72, 121–122
Blyth, Chay 181
Blyth, River 111
Blyth South Beach 121, 122
Bogg, Edmund 24–25
Bolbec Hall, Newcastle upon Tyne 117
Boldon Book 167
Boldon Colliery 161–164
Boldon Community Association 247–249
Boldon Comprehensive School 167
border reivers 66
Boulmer 51–52, 78–79
Bowey, Keith 159, 160, 161
brass bands 248, 251
Brenchley, Chaz 182
Brexit 72, 127
Britain’s oldest house 77
British Library 9, 92
Britishvolt site 116–117
Brockley Whins 254
Brockley Whins Metro station 164
Broomhill colliery 86
Brown, Gordon D. 212
Brown, Michelle 154
Bunting, Basil 33, 124
Burne-Jones, Edward 180
Burton, Andrew 87
Butcher’s Bridge Road 158
Byker 122, 155
Caedmon 82–83
‘Caedmon’s Hymn’ 82–83
Cambois 98, 111–113, 116–118, 159, 200
Cambois Miners’ Welfare Hall 110, 113–116
Cameron, David 127
Camino Inglés 23
Campbell, Alan 126
Campbell, John 142–143
Campbell, Joseph Redmayne 142–143
Camperdown, Battle of 198–199
Cappleman, Wilkinson 138
Carter, Raich 188, 202
Catherine Cookson Country 23–24
Centre for Writing, Bolbec Hall 117
Ceolfrith, Abbot 20, 157, 186
Challis, John 121–130, 131
Charlton, John 111
Charlton brothers 108
Cherry Knowle psychiatric hospital 195
Chester-le-Street 7–8, 13, 40, 217, 231–245, 265
Church Chare 238, 242
Cuthbert’s after-image 236–237
Front Street 236, 237, 240, 243
High Chare 238
history 231–232, 237
importance to Cuthbert hagiography 244
Macari’s Lindisfarne Gospels-inspired mural 233–234
McCarrick Homes 235
Riverside cricket ground 239
St Cutbert’s Walk Shopping Centre 236
St Cuthbert’s Hospice 236
St Mary’s & St Cuthbert’s 230, 232, 238–242
Cheviots, the 123, 171
Christian commodification 236
Christianity 6, 20, 21, 38–39, 147
Churches Conservation Trust 197
civic branding 24
Clanny, William Reid 46
class 72–73
Cleadon 167, 171, 173
Cleadon Hills 171–171, 177
Cleadon Water Tower 168, 171, 214
Clement, Joanne 262
Cleveland Hills 171
coal and coal mining 84, 98–102, 219–220
coalfield culture 253–254
Coalfield Way 222
Coast to Coast cycle route 181
Codex Amiatinus 157, 186
Coleman, Russ 37–38, 43
collective effervescence 261
collective memory 24
colliery workers’ terraces 104–105
Collingwood, Cuthbert 134
Colls, Robert 24–25, 25–26
Collywell Bay 124–125
Colpitts poetry readings 262
community, sense of 26
Cookson, Catherine 23–24
Cooper, Julian 234
Copt Hill Inn 208, 220–221
Coquet, River 82, 84, 85
Coquet Island 84, 91–92
Cornthwaite Park 175
cost-of-living crisis 214
Cotton, Robert 92
Covid-19 pandemic 115, 129–130, 150, 254
Cox Green 265
Craddock, Nicola 262–263
Cramlington 97
Cramp, Rosemary 149, 151
Craster 56, 66, 67, 71, 73–74, 75–76, 78, 175
Craster kippers 67
Crawford, Jack 198–199
Creswell 91, 95
Crown Works film studios 201–202
Cuddy’s beads 44–45
Cuddy’s Isle 81
Cullercoats 128–129
Cullercoats Bay 128–129
Cullernose Point 76–77
The Cumberland Arms, Byker 155
Cummings, Dominic 225
Cuomo, Mario 244
Cuthbert, Saint 7, 20, 21, 37–38, 44, 44–45
after-image 236–237
arrival at Durham 13
cult of 8
death 39, 55–56
dun cow legend 16–17, 217–218
final journey 7–8, 34, 39, 47–48, 89
first burial site 37–38, 39
fondness for birds 64
incorrupt body 39–40
interest in 227
last stopping place before Durham 217–218
love of avian and marine life 122
memorial sculpture 42–43
miracles 32, 79, 132–133
move to Lindisfarne 39
pectoral cross 43
shrine 14, 226–227, 228
Cuthbert’s Way 21
Dan (film director) 223, 225
Danelaw, the 8
Dark Ages 7–8
Darling, Grace 57, 91
Darling, William 91
Davidson, Jonathan 220
Davies, Winnie, Queen of the East End Carnival 201
Davy, Humphrey 46, 149
Davy (Morris-Campbell) 266–267
debt 150
Definitions of Distance (Morris-Campbell) 204
deindustrialisation 97
Delaval, Sir Francis Blake 123
Delaval family 123
Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) 79
The Detectorists 153
disconnection 62
distressed and trapped dog 166–167
Dixon, Sally 234
Dixon, Sarah 81
Don, River 150, 151, 153, 157, 160, 164, 164–166, 167
Donnelly, Jim 87–89
Donnelly, Kate 87–89, 89
Donnison, Elizabeth 196
Donnison School, Sunderland 196
Double Maxim 68
Douglas, Charlie 60–61, 63
Doxford Park 215–216
Dragonville industrial estate 224
Draper, Daniel 37
Druridge Bay 94–95
Druridge Bay Country Park 94
Duff, Aaron 130–139
Duff, Tim 134
Dunholme 13, 217–218
Dunstanburgh Castle 65, 66–67
Durham 20–21, 40, 245
arrival at 224–226
County Hall 234
County Hotel 251, 262
Framwellgate Bridge 262, 264
Lord Londonderry statue 250
Market Square 249
Prebends Bridge 25, 227
The Swan and Three Cygnets 251
The Victoria Inn 16–18, 225
Durham, Pilgrims (Zinkeisen) 16–17
Durham Aged Mineworkers’ Homes Association 163, 214, 223, 235, 259
Durham Cathedral 8, 13, 17, 21, 23, 25, 26–27, 41, 93, 227, 270
Bede’s grave 15
Chapel of Nine Altars 228
Cuthbert’s shrine 14, 226–227, 228
Durham Miners’ Gala service 259–261
first glimpse of 224
Galilee chapel 14–15, 227
miners’ memorial 12, 14, 15, 15–16, 18, 261
nave 227, 228
Rose Window 14, 224, 259
Durham Coalfield 250
Durham County Council 234
Durham Elvet Station 225
Durham Miners’ Gala 27, 32–33, 213, 247–263, 263
banners 246, 250, 251, 255–258, 259
brass bands 248, 251
County Hotel 251
departure 264–265
Durham Cathedral service 259
the march 250–253
political speeches 259
start 249–250
Durham Mining Museum, Spennymoor 45
Durham Priory, cellarer’s account books 61–62
Durham Students’ Union 259
Durham Women’s Group 257
Durkheim, Émile 261
Dusseldorf 116
Eadfrith, Bishop 6–7, 241
Eardwulf, Bishop 243
Earsdon Church Hall 125–126
Easington Colliery disaster 209
East Boldon 189
East Coast Mainline 81, 223–224
East Durham 219
East Rainton 222
Easthope 209–211, 223
Eccesiastical History of the English People (Bede) 154
Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria 39
eco poetry 62
Elliot, Alistair 133
Elliot, William 197–198
Elliott, Bill 255
Embleton 65
Emma (friend) 25
Empty Shop concept 262
England Coast Path 94
Englishness 174
Escomb Church 23
Essen 116
Eucharist, the 171
European Union 127
Everybody’s Gone to the Rapture (video game) 59
extinction events 62
Eyre, Charles 89
The Fall 88
Farne Islands 36, 39, 57, 58, 85
Feather Star Mantle (Coleman) 37–38, 43
Feaver, William, Pitmen Painters 107
Felling Colliery disaster 148–149, 270
Fender, Sam 136
Ferguson family 54
Finchale Abbey 23, 265
fire beacons 84–85
First World War 121
fishing 79
fishing community 60–63
Florence, Medicea Laurenziana Library 186
Floyd, Jimmy, The Miner – Last Smoke Before Descent 101–102
folkloric ancestry 154
Ford, Harrison 136
Forfarshire, SS 57
fossils 44–45, 62, 238–239
Foxton Beach 80
France, Linda 19, 218–219
‘Future Walls’ initiative 191
Gannet, Hector 57, 130–131
gannets 122
Garfitt, Roger 21
gasometer, Hendon 202
Gateshead 102, 110, 243
the Sage 130, 184
Gazza the Gull 70, 87
general election, 2024 72
Geordie lamps 46
Gibbon, Elizabeth 171
Gilesgate Moor Hotel 224
Gilley Law 215
Ginsberg, Allen 124
Godric, St 265
Going Home (Hedley) 41
Gormley, Antony 184
Gospel books 6–7, 9
Grangetown 195
Great North Forest project 166
Great North Road 240
Great Northern Coalfield 21
Green, Robson 73
Gresford colliery disaster 112–113
Grey, Charles, Earl 77
Griffiths, Bill 63
Groundwork charity 152
Gut, The 85
Hadrian’s Wall 142
Hairy Bikers, the 87, 136
Hall, Lee 100, 107
Hampel, the Reverend Canon Michael 259
Hardy, Stevie 198
Harris, Rodney 94
Harry Potter films 68
Hartlepool 171
Hartley pit disaster 125–126
Harton, South Shields 4–5
Harton Cemetery 220, 268, 269–271
Harton Coal Company 3
Harton Collieries group 163
Hauxley 93–94
Hauxley Point 91
Hebburn Riverside Park 185
Hector Gannet, loss of 131
Hector Gannet project 131
Hedley, Ralph 41–42
Hemmer, Fred 148–151
Hendon 188, 199–203, 214, 265
Hendon Beach 200–201
Henry VI (Shakespeare) 83
Heron, Eleanor 89
Hetton Bogs 222
Hetton colliery railway 215
Hetton Lyons Sheds 218–219
Hetton-le-Hole 219
Heworth 255
High Moorsley 222
High Newton 64
High Pittington, St Laurence’s Church 223
Hilda, Abbess 82
Hine, Dougald 110, 216
Hipsburn 81
Hodgson, John, Reverend 148–149
Hodgson, Louisa 134
Hollis, Matthew 31, 33
Holman, James 159
Holman Hunt, William 41, 242
Holy Island see Lindisfarne
Holy Trinity Church, Sunderland 196, 197–198
Holywell Dene 123
Hopper, Joseph 163
Hospitalfield, Arbroath 19
Howick 76, 77, 77–78
Howick Hall 77
Huss, Esther 98, 113–116, 117
Hylton 265
identity 24
immigration 52–53
Ina Mactavish grounding 87
inclusion 53
invasive species 48–49
Jackson, Dan 53
Jackson, Eleanor 6
Jamie, Kathleen 211
Jarra Slack 147
Jarrow 150, 151–152, 255
St Paul’s 14, 20, 23, 147–151, 157, 270
Jarrow Hall 151
Jarrow March, 1936 150
Jarrow School 157–158
Jekyll, Gertrude 32
Jennings, Douglas 108
Jewish communities 102
Jobling, William, gibbeting of 158
John of Gaunt 66
Johnson, Kris 121–130, 131
The Jolly Fisherman, Craster 67
Jones, the Reverend Lesley 148–151, 161, 261
Kears, Carl 232–245
Kerr, Bobby 221
Kev (carrier of the Durham Miners’ Gala banner) 253–254
Kilbourn, Oliver
Half-time at the Rec (Welfare) 100–101, 106
Rainy Day, Ashington Co-Op 110
King Edward’s 131
King George’s playing fields 159–160
King’s College London 232
King’s College Morris Men 154
Kirkup, James 26, 132, 139
Lacey, Andrew 46
Laidler, Frank, Fish and Chips 101
Laing Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne 92, 107, 240
Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of 66
land, the, connections to 86
Lawson, Fenwick 151
Leam Lane 160
Leameside Line 223–224
Life of Cuthbert (Bede) 79
lighthouses 35
Guile Point Lighthouse 36
Heugh Hill Lighthouse 36
St Mary’s Lighthouse 124, 125
Souter Lighthouse 175, 272
limekilns 58, 59
Lindisfarne 19–20, 21, 26, 31–44, 36, 79, 91, 252
attraction 48–49
causeway 47–48
Emmanuel Head daymark 30, 32, 35–37, 55
fossils 44–45
genius loci 34
Gertrude Jekyll’s garden 32
monastic community established 38
pirri-pirri 48–49
tranquillity 34
village centre 37
Lindisfarne Castle 31
Lindisfarne Gospels 6–8, 9, 13, 39, 40, 239–241, 244
repatriation campaign 92–93
Lindisfarne Priory 37–38
Cuthbert memorial sculpture 42–43
statue of Saint Aidan 40–42
Literary & Philosophical Society, Newcastle upon Tyne 149
living culture, facilitating 216
Local Government Act of 1972 22
Londonderry, Lord 250
Long Nanny, bird sanctuary 64
Longhoughton Beach 78
Longsands 131
Lonsdale, Ray 135
Lovejoy, Lizzie 258
Low Buston 89–90
Low Hauxley colliery 90
Low Newton-by-the-Sea 65
Low Stead Links 78
Lumley, George Lord 238–239
Lumley, John Lord 238–239
Lumley Castle 239
Lumley family 238–239
Lunn, Stephen 86
Lynemouth 98, 111, 113
Lyon, Robert 99, 107, 108
Macari, Ant 233–234
McCabe, Rowan 258
McColl, Ewan 131
McDonald, Chris 225
McGuinness, Kim 53, 92
mackem, meaning 211
Mahler, Gustav 44
male identity 257
Malyan, Nick 222–223, 224, 226, 260, 262, 263, 264
Marden Rocks 80
Mark (volunteer) 262–263
marra 14
Marsden 265
Marsden Bay 16, 271–273
Marsden Rock 177
Marsden White Horse 172–173
Martin, Andy 190–196, 199–206
Martin, Bill 17, 18, 21, 209–210, 211–213, 213, 214, 216–217, 218, 222, 224, 226–227, 252
Martin, Bob 15
Martin, Graham 209–210, 215, 223, 224, 226, 258, 259
Martin, William 56
masculinity 257
material legacy 234
Matt (friend) 51, 56, 62, 66, 71, 76, 95
Mauretania, RMS 86
Mayhew, Gavin 221
Medicea Laurenziana Library, Florence 186
Menforth, Thomas 254
Mesolithic House, Howick 77
Michaels, Anne 166
Micky 248–249
Mike (friend) 25
Mike and Emma (Wrexham couple) 211, 225, 226
Milburn, Jackie 108
Miles-Watson, Jonathan 25
Miliband, David 75, 220
Mill Dam race riots, 1930 142
miners 17–18
miners’ lamps 3–4, 5–6, 8–9, 10, 16, 34–35, 43–46, 89, 102, 148–149, 227, 249
miners’ strike, 1984–1985 219–220, 224, 257
Mines and Collieries Act, 1842 250
Mollett, Baz 46
Monkton 160
Monkwearmouth, St Peter’s 14, 20, 23, 153, 182–183, 184–185
Moore, Nicholas
grave 268, 269–271
miners’ lamp 3–4, 5–6, 34–35, 43–44, 45, 46–47
New Year’s Day tradition 4–6
tally number 47
Morden Tower 124
Morpeth 106
Morris, William 180–181
Morris-Campbell, Elma Dilys 3, 54, 125, 174
Morris-Campbell, Gruffydd 3, 5
Morris-Campbell, Jake 207
annual pilgrimage 15–16
birth of daughter 54
connection to Bede 156
Durham Miners’ Gala service 259–261
education 176–177, 219–220
inspiration 16–18
itinerary 9–10, 19–21, 24, 26–27
New Year’s Day tradition 4–6
personal and professional identities 26
poetry 5–6
psychosomatic symptoms 32, 33
receives miners’ lamp 3–4
reflection 271–273
role 19
South Shields mug 21–22
Morris-Campbell, Kate 3, 58, 59, 122, 124, 125, 126, 130, 271, 273
Muslim population 102
Napoleonic Wars 72
National Coal Board 45
National Glass Centre 182–183
National Lottery 183
National Trust 58, 123
New Labour 220, 241
Newcastle Brown Ale 137
Newcastle Central Station 231
Newcastle Evening Chronicle 152
Newcastle Journal 33
Newcastle Kingsmen, the 154–155
Newcastle upon Tyne 252
Bolbec Hall 117
Laing Gallery 92, 107, 240
Literary & Philosophical Society 149
Live Theatre 107
Roman altars 141–142
Swing Bridge 141
Theatre Royal 107
Trinity House 35
Newton Garth Farm 167
Newton Point 65
Newton Steads 65
Nissan 116
north, the 176
North Blyth 111, 200
North East, the 17–18
North East and Yorkshire Film Archive 131
North East Combined Authority 53
North Sea Link, the 113
North Shields 26, 135, 135–136
Brewhouse Bank 137
The Engine Room 137
Fiddler’s Green sculpture 135
The Gut 135–136
Herring Girl sculpture 135
King Street Social 137–138
lighthouses 35
The Low Lights Tavern 136–137
North Shields Master Mariners Asylum 139
Northumberland Square 138
Stag Line building 138–139
North Shields Fish Quay 136
North Shields Master Mariners Asylum 139
North Sunderland 58
North Tyneside 125
Northern Saints Trails 25
Northern Sinfonia 184
Northumberland 72–73
Northumberland, Duke of 71
Northumberland Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty 58
Northumberland Coast Path 23, 26, 94
Northumberland County Council 106
Northumberland Gazette 72
Northumberland Park, pet cemetery 138
Northumberland’s Colourful Coast project 85
Northumbria, Kingdom of 15, 52
Golden Age 53, 234
Northumbrian hagiography 157
Northumbrian vernacular 62–63
Oates, Alex 98, 113–116, 117
Old Durham Gardens 224–225
Old Hartley 125
Oldfield, Elizabeth 241
Osred II, King of Northumbria 132
Oswald, King of Northumbria 20, 38, 52–53
Oswald, Saint 7
Oswiu of Bernicia, King 131
overman’s lamps 249
oystercatchers 134
Pallion 201–202
Pann’s Bank 189–190
Parbury, Kathleen 40
Passionate People, Passionate Places slogan 241–242
pebble-carrying tradition 36–37, 175, 185, 210, 227, 260, 270–271
Pelaw 200
Pelaw Wood 225
Pele Tower
Creswell 95
Seaton Sluice 124
Penshaw 265
Percy, Hugh, second Duke of Northumberland 72
Percy, Ralph, 12th Duke of Northumberland 74
Percy Tenantry Column 71–72
Perry, Grayson 257
Peter (walker) 223, 225
Peterlee 46
Petts, David 234
photography 203, 204–206, 207
Pickard, Tom and Connie 124
pilgrimage 47–48
pilgrimage wisdom 272
pillboxes 73
Pitmen Painters, the 99–102, 103–110
Pitmen Painters (play) 100, 107
Pittington 223
Pity Me 233
Poetic Licence gin company 221
poetry 33–34, 62, 63–64
pollution 129
popular consciousness 241
Porteous, Katrina 60–65, 219, 239, 259
Pound, Ezra 33
Prac Crit (journal) 60
Price, Narbi 98, 103–110
Pride of the Tyne 141, 143
Puffing Billy 218–219
punk bands 254–255
Pyrex 204
Queen Elizabeth Country Park 98
Quin, Joyce 92
RAF Boulmer 73, 78
railways 164–165, 215, 218–219, 223–224, 225
Rea, Vince 158–159
Readhead, Robert 270
Ready To Go Forum 194
The Red King 52
Redhills 223, 262–263
relic logic 34–35
Renton, Katherine 71, 72, 73–74, 76, 77, 81–82, 83, 84–90, 91
Ripon 40
Rising Sun 9
The Robin Hood pub, Monkton 160
Roker 179–181, 200, 265
Roker Battery 177–180
Roker Cliff Park 176
Roker Lighthouse 181
Roker Park 181
Roman occupation 10, 141–142, 237
Royal Quays 139
rural/urban divide 115
Ryhope 195
Ryhope Colliery 215
Sage, the, Gateshead 130, 184
St Aidan’s Catholic Academy 213
St Aidan’s Church, Bamburgh 52, 54, 57
St Andrew’s Church, Roker 180–181
Saint Bede’s Well 184
St Cuthbert’s Way 23
St Ebba, Church of, Beadnell 59
St George’s Church, Cullercoats 129
St George’s Presbyterian Church, Sunderland 192
St Laurence’s Church, High Pittington 223
St Lawrence’s Church, Warkworth 82
St Mary’s & St Cuthbert’s, Chester-le-Street 230, 232, 238–242
St Mary’s Lighthouse 124, 125
St Oswald’s Way 23, 26, 94
St Paul’s, Jarrow 14, 20, 23, 147–151, 157, 270
St Peter’s, Monkwearmouth 14, 20, 23, 153, 182–183, 184–185
salt pans 87–88, 173
salt path, the 172–173
Salters’ Trod 269
#Save the National Glass Centre 183
Schmitdke, Daniel 74–75
sea, the, paradox of 36
sea coal 74, 90
sea fret 98
Seaburn 175, 200, 252
Seaham 250
Seahouses 52, 57, 58–59, 63, 175
Seaton Burn 123
Seaton Delaval Hall 123–124
Seaton Point 79–80
Seaton Sluice 122–124
Second World War 78, 142
Seven Sisters, the 222
Shakespeare, William 83
shapers, poets as 212
shared rituals 261
Sherburn 224
Shield, Bill 247, 248
Shilbottle 67
shipyards and shipbuilding 84, 186, 190, 194
Shotley Bridge 60
Silksworth 214–215
Silksworth sports complex 215
Simon, Ed 35
Simonside Hills 214
Smith, David 72–73
Smith, Liam 213
Smith, Mark E. 88
social media 64
Society for the Prevention of Accidents in Coal Mines 148–149
Souter Lighthouse 175, 272
South Shields 19, 21–22, 139, 141, 164–165, 169, 173, 255, 259, 265
South Shields and Sunderland Water Company 171
South Tyneside 22, 175
South Tyneside Hospital 22
Southwick 194
Spanish City, Whitley Bay 127
Spennymoor, Durham Mining Museum 45
Spine Road, the 97–98, 109, 111
Springwell Park 158
Stadium of Light 191
Stanhope & Tyne Railway 164–165
Starlight Castle 123
Starmer, Keir 126
Stephenson, George 46, 218–219
Stephenson Trail 218–219
Stevenson, Anne 147
Stockton and Darlington Line 218–219
Stone, Degna 33–34
Storm Arwen 37
storytelling 244
‘Stringing Bedes: A Poetry and Print Pilgrimage’ project 159, 160
Stubbs, Frankie 214
Styles, Frank 194
Sugar Sands 77
Summers, Paul 183
Sunak, Rishi 115
Sunday Sun 93
Sunderland 173, 206, 214, 216, 252, 265
Aged Merchant Seamen’s Homes 196
Bangladeshi community 202–203
Bull Lane 193–194
The Clarendon 193–194
Crowtree Leisure Centre 194–195
Donnison School 196
Eagle Building 192
East End 199
future 201–202
‘Future Walls’ initiative 191
High Street East 192
Holy Trinity Church 196, 197–198
shipyards and shipbuilding 194
Villiers Street 190–192
The Welcome Tavern 195
Sunderland, City of 175
Sunderland, University of 159, 182, 183
Sunderland Bangladesh International Centre 202
Sunderland Black and Minority Ethnic Network 192
Sunderland Boys’ Orphanage 199
Sunderland City Council 191
Sunderland Marina 181–182
Sunderland Orphanage Asylum 198
Sunderland Road 169
Sunnilaws 170
Sunniside 192
Surf Café, Tynemouth 130–131
Symeon of Durham 243–244
Symonds, John Addington 256–257
Synod of Whitby 20, 39, 82
Tadorne 76, 78
Tebbit, Norman 258
Temple, Simon 152–153
thin places 48–49
This Is Wrexham 112–113
Tideroad, the 56
Tirtha 143
totemic items 27
tourism 65, 66, 132
Town Moor Railway Station 196
toxic masculinity 257
tradition, loss of 62
traditions, composting 216
Trafalgar, Battle of 134
Trevelyan Anne-Marie 72, 79
Trinity House 35
Tully, John 81
Tully, Sarah 89
Tunstall Hills 210, 213, 223
Turnbull, Anthony, Bishop of Durham 93
Turner, Frank 54–55
Tyne, River 35
Tyne and Wear 22
Tyne and Wear Development Corporation 151–152, 183, 189–190
Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue, animal department 166–167
Tyne Bridge 141
Tyne Improvement Commission 135
Tyne Tunnel 51, 95, 97, 156, 172
Tynemouth 128, 130–139
Tynemouth Priory 131–132, 134
Tyneside 184, 185
Uchtred, Earl of Northumbria 218
unemployment 151–152
Unfolding Theatre 115
Universal Basic Income (UBI) 150
Ushaw College 16
Vane, Lady Frances Anne 250
Vera 73
Victoria Viaduct 265
Viglianisi, Carlo 262, 264
Vikings 7, 20, 39, 56
Vindolanda 10
Visit County Durham Northern Saints Trails initiative 181
wages 74
Wallsend 132
Walney to Wear cycleway 181
Wansbeck, River 109
Warden Law 220–221
Warkworth 81, 82–83, 87
Warkworth Castle 83
Warkworth Harbour 84
Wars of the Roses 66
Washington 116, 214, 232, 265
watching on 237–238
Waterhouse, Andrew 232
Wear, River 25, 186, 225, 227, 235, 264–265
Wear Valley 172
Wearmouth, Richard 117
Wearmouth Bridge 186, 189
Wesley, John 81
Westoe 269
Whitburn 95, 173, 174–175, 176–177
Whitburn Bents 175
Whitburn Colliery 173
Whitburn Steel 175
Whiteleas allotments 169
Whitley Bay 125–128, 129–130
Whitman, Walt 256
Wilbourn, Colin 182
Wilkinson, Ellen 150
Williamson, Sir Hedworth 172–173
Woodhorn Colliery Museum 98, 98–102, 106–107
Ashington Group Gallery 99–102
miners’ memorial 95, 102, 108
Wooler, Ad Gefrin 54
Workers’ Educational Association 99
Writers’ Guild of America strike 257
writer’s vocation, the 186–187
Yates Thompson manuscript 56
Yeats, W. B. 33
Yeavering 54
Youldon, Keviin 255
Young, Arthur Rousselange 82, 86
Young, Eleanor Mary 86
Young, John 86
Zinkeisen, Doris Clare, Durham, Pilgrims 16–17
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Between the salt and the ash

A journey into the soul of Northumbria

eISBN:
9781526175380
Publisher:
Manchester University Press
Cover Between the salt and the ash
Subjects:
History
Keywords:
Pilgrimage; Golden Age Northumbria; coal-mining
Page Count:
15
Publisher:
Manchester University Press

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Cover Framing the moron

Framing the moron

The social construction of feeble-mindedness in the American eugenic era

Book

Publication History:

Online Publication Date:
01 Nov 2015
Subjects:
  1. History
Available In:
Redeem Token

Many people are shocked upon discovering that tens of thousands of innocent persons in the United States were involuntarily sterilized, forced into institutions, and otherwise maltreated within the course of the eugenic movement (1900–30). Such social control efforts are easier to understand when we consider the variety of dehumanizing and fear-inducing rhetoric propagandists invoke to frame their potential victims. This book details the major rhetorical themes employed within the context of eugenic propaganda, drawing largely on original sources of the period. Early in the twentieth century the term “moron” was developed to describe the primary targets of eugenic control. This book demonstrates how the image of moronity in the United States was shaped by eugenicists.

This book will be of interest not only to disability and eugenic scholars and historians, but to anyone who wants to explore the means by which pejorative metaphors are utilized to support social control efforts against vulnerable community groups.
Cover Churchyard and cemetery

Churchyard and cemetery

Tradition and modernity in rural North Yorkshire

Author:
Julie Rugg

Book

Publication History:

Online Publication Date:
01 Nov 2015
Subjects:
  1. History
Available In:
Redeem Token

This book reviews the burial history of central North Yorkshire. In exploring the social history of burial in rural areas, the book aims to encompass some of the principles underpinning 'l'histoire des mentalites'. The book considers the issue of churchyard closure. Churchyard closure generally signalled that burial space was made available elsewhere, and in most cases before 1894 this meant that the churchyard itself had been extended. The book reviews the incidence of churchyard extension, which was commonplace during the nineteenth century. The Burial Acts introduced legislation that permitted vestries to establish burial boards, which could raise loans repayable through the rates to fund the laying out of new cemeteries. In central North Riding, a total of eighteen burial boards were in operation before 1894, and the book reviews in detail the operation of the ten largest boards in that group. The Burial Acts maintained and even strengthened the hold of the Church of England on burial space, by substantially increasing the amount of consecrated land under its control. The book also addresses the contention that the new legislative context for burial in the twentieth century might then introduce the opportunity for a substantial centralisation of burial provision. Finally, the book reviews the pattern of burial provision in 2007 compared with 1850, and concludes that there is evidence of both continuity and change.
Cover Church polity and politics in the British Atlantic world, c. 1635–66

Church polity and politics in the British Atlantic world, c. 1635–66

Book

Publication History:

Online Publication Date:
07 Jan 2020
Subjects:
  1. History
Available In:
Redeem Token

The debate on the polity of the church was at the centre of the religious debates in the British Atlantic world during the middle decades of the seventeenth-century. From the Covenanter revolution in Scotland, to the congregationalism of the New England colonies, to the protracted debates of the Westminster assembly, and the abolition of the centuries-old episcopalian structure of the Church of England, the issue of the polity of the church was intertwined with the political questions of the period. This book collects together essays focusing on the conjunction of church polity and politics in the middle years of the seventeenth century. A number of chapters in the volume address the questions and conflicts arising out of the period’s reopening and rethinking of the Reformation settlement of church and state. In addition, the interplay between the localities and the various Westminster administrations of the era are explored in a number of chapters. Beyond these discussions, chapters in the volume explore the deeper ecclesiological thinking of the period, examining the nature of the polity of the church and its relationship to society at large. The book also covers the issues of liberty of conscience and how religious suffering contributed to a sense of what the true church was in the midst of revolutionary political upheaval. This volume asserts the fundamental connection between church polity and politics in the revolutions that affected the seventeenth-century British Atlantic world.