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in The structure of modern cultural theory
Chapter DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7765/9781847791849.00012
Online Publication Date:
19 Jul 2013
Full text access

Index

abnormality and normality, 74
Académie Française, 117
Adorno, Theodor, 1–8, 11–12, 17–20, 23, 28, 32, 35–66 passim, 71, 99, 100, 103, 113, 116, 140, 143, 146–8, 151–3, 155–64
on astrology, 47–9
on authoritarianism, 49–51
Benjamin and, 52, 60–3
on dependency, 47–9
on dialectics, 37–9
as educator, 63–6
on enlightenment, 38–9, 57–8
jazz and, 5, 35–6, 40–1, 44–8, 52
paradoxical thought and, 37–9
aesthetes, 107
aestheticisation of culture, 143
aesthetics, 142–6, 150–1
ethical understanding of, 77
of existence, 12, 70, 76–90, 153
Alexander, Jeffrey, 18
Althusser, Louis, 133
anomie, 119–20
anthropological analysis, 16–17, 23, 33–4, 104–5
antinomy of culture, 30–1, 37–8, 56, 59, 135–8, 152
anti-semitism, 50–1
Armstrong, Louis, 44
Arnold, Matthew, 28, 141
art, 23–4, 31–3, 39, 42–3
autonomy and, 55–7, 63, 117–20
concept and definition of, 143–4
creativity and, 83–5
‘death’ of, 146–7
as a form of domination, 115–16, 122
as an ideal of free exchange, 122
as a social game, 123–5
sociology of, 113–14
as a space of freedom, 117
technology and, 60–3 see also high art; modernist art
Artaud, Antonin, 83
asceticism, 12, 77–8, 84, 87–91, 98, 121, 162–3
astrology, 47–9, 146
Atget, Eugène, 62
Augustine, St, 133
aura, 61, 144
authoritarianism, 41–2, 47, 49–51
‘autobiographical illusion’, 131
autonomisation, 24, 117–20
autonomy, 2, 77, 83, 101–3, 134, 147, 149, 153
in art, 55–7, 63, 117–20
concepts and definition of, 160
creativity and, 32–3, 116–17
difficulty of, 138–9
ethics of, 13, 23, 29, 141, 150–1
as an ideal, 25, 64–6, 155, 160
intellectual, 135–6
psychological expression and, 67 see also creative autonomy; critical autonomy
avant-garde art, 117, 119
Bach, J.S., 110–12
Bachelard, Gaston, 116, 126
Baker, Benjamin, 125
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 159
Barbour, J.D., 133, 135
Baudelaire, Charles, 23, 61, 87, 89, 108, 116–19, 124
Baudrillard, Jean, 141–7, 151–2
Bauman, Zygmunt, 21, 141–2, 149–53
Baxandall, Michael, 125–6
Beckett, Samuel, 36, 54–5
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 32, 123
Benjamin, Walter, 52, 60–3, 87, 144
Bernstein, J.M., 35, 63
Bhaskar, Roy, 104
Bildung tradition, 28
bio-power, 85–6
bohemianism, 118
Boulez, Pierre, 63
Bourdieu, Pierre, 1–8, 11–13, 17–20, 29, 32–3, 103–39 passim, 148, 153, 155–64
on art, 115–17, 122–5
autobiographical reflections of, 131–4, 137–8
on autonomy, 161
on creativity, 121–2
on culture, 109
as educator, 138–9
on ethics, 159
on fields, 126–7
on intellectualism, 134–8
on reflexivity, 122, 126–9
on science, 128
Brecht, Bertolt, 40, 54, 56, 63
Brown, Norman O., 16
Californian cult of the self, 82
Canguilhem, Georges, 116
capital, forms of, 105–6; see also cultural capital; educational capital
capitalism, 36, 40–1, 46–7, 50–3, 88
Cavell, Stanley, 24–7
Caygill, Howard, 61
Christianity, 77–80, 85
cognitive mapping, 151
coherence of texts and oeuvres, 5
commodification, 41, 143–4
of creativity, 124
connoisseurship, 107
consumer culture, 145
creative autonomy, 9
creative ethics, 89–91
creative singularity, 75–6
creativity, 25–6, 102–3, 120–3
art and, 83–5
autonomy and, 32–3, 116–17
commodification of, 124
modernism and, 26–7
value of, 162
critical autonomy, 3–5, 10–13, 19, 23, 147, 151
critical ethics, 2–3, 22, 29
critical reflection and self-reflection, 11, 51–4, 58–9, 62, 157–8, 163
critical reflexivity, 25, 27, 29
critical virtue, 98–9
critique, 95–8
capacity for, 66
definition of, 98
ethics of, 156
cultural capital, 111, 119
cultural production and cultural consumption, 108, 113
cultural studies, 17–18, 157–8
cultural theory, 7, 12–13, 29, 97
as a genre of discourse, 4, 159–60 see also modern cultural theory
culturalisms, 14–18
culture, 97–8
aestheticisation of, 143
antonomial view of, 30–4
concepts and definitions of, 8–9, 15–17, 25–8, 68–70, 109, 152
as convention and as reflexivity, 25–30
and freedom, 107–8
as an instrument of social control, 36
and politics, 157–8 see also high culture
culture industry, 36, 41–8, 51–3, 57, 62–5, 100, 146, 160
culturology, 16, 74–5
dandyism, 86–8
David, Jacques-Louis, 119
Davis, Miles, 44
Deleuze, Gilles, 69–70, 75, 91, 101, 161
dependency, 47–52, 57–8, 155
de-subjectification, 99, 101
detachment, 6–7
determinism, 100, 112
dialectics, 37–9
disciplinarity, 3–4
disciplinary power, 72–3
distinction, cultural, concept of, 108–12, 161
Duchamp, Marcel, 119, 144
Durkheim, Emile, 115, 123
educational capital, 110–11
educationality, 3, 11, 13, 18–20, 27, 64, 101, 138–9, 151–2, 155
Eisenstein, Sergei, 62
Elias, Norbert, 7, 123–5
Eliot, T.S., 152
Ellington, Duke, 44
Elster, Jon, 108, 112
empiricism, 5, 163
enlightenment and the Enlightenment, 20–5, 38–9, 57–8, 70, 91–2, 155–7
Epictetus, 80
epigones, 118
essentialism and antiessentialism, 58
ethics, 1, 10–11, 71, 77, 98, 102, 126, 151, 154–8
of autonomy, 13, 23, 29, 41, 150–1
contrasted with morality, 2
of critical autonomy, 23
of critical reflexivity, 25
of critique, 156
cultural theory and, 29
as defined by Bauman, 150
as exercises in thought, 29
politics and, 158
of thought, 21 see also creative ethics; critical ethics
ex-normality, 75
expressionist painting, 31
fans, 47
fascism, 36, 41, 49–51
Feyerabend, Paul, 138
field, concept of, 126–7
films, 52, 60–1, 111
Flaubert, Gustave, 33, 108, 116–21, 124
Forth Bridge, 125
Foucault, Michel, 1–8, 12, 18–23, 29, 33, 67–102 passim, 132, 140, 154–64
on aesthetics, 148–9
on autonomy, 76, 102
on critique, 99–100
as educator, 79–80, 100–2
on enlightenment, 12, 20–2, 86–8, 91–2
on ethics, 158
on ‘infamous men’, 75–6
on liberalism, 95–7
on modernity, 71, 86–8
on nominalism, 68, 100
on politics, 158
on power and government, 72–3, 92, 95, 148–9
on subjectivity, 69–70, 73–4, 78, 81
freedom and unfreedom, 39, 58
French Revolution, 93
Freud, Sigmund, 36–7, 50, 65
Fromm, Erich, 50
F-Scale, 50–1
Galileo, 138
Geertz, Clifford, 16
genealogy, 100, 126–7
genius, concept of, 123–4
Gershwin, George, 110
Giddens, Anthony, 104
Gombrich, Ernst, 114
grand narratives, 58
grand theory, 6
Greek philosophy and civilisation, 76–81, 88, 90
Greenberg, Clement, 24
habitus, 106, 109
Hacking, Ian, 99
Harrington, Austin, 114
Hauser, Arnold, 114, 122
Hegel, G.W.F., 35, 37, 143, 147–8
Heidegger, Martin, 72, 84
heteronomy, 3, 9–10, 19, 28, 155
high art, 51–3, 57–60, 112–13, 122, 146–7
high culture, 27, 100, 107, 111
historicism, 101–2
Hitler, Adolf, 49
homosexuality, 90–1, 132
Horkheimer, Max, 42–3, 57
human nature, 104, 108, 161
Huntington, Samuel, 16
Husserl, Edmund, 35
Huxley, Aldous, 42
hyper-reality, 145
individuation, 148
intellectualism, 134–9
Jameson, Fredric, 50, 52, 141–2, 151–2
Jarrett, Keith, 44
jazz, 5, 35–6, 40–1, 44–8, 52, 144
Kant, Immanuel (and Kantianism), 21, 25, 38, 64–5, 75, 93, 96, 98, 115, 146, 151, 163
Lazarsfeld, Paul, 163
Levinas, Emmanuel, 150
liberalism, 95–7
‘liquidation of the individual’ (Adorno), 53–4
Locke, John, 163
Lyotard, Jean-François, 141
Macey, David, 134
Maffesoli, Michael, 141, 143, 151
Magritte, René, 83
Mahler, Gustav, 42, 59
Mallarmé, Stéphane, 113
Manet, Edouard, 83, 108, 116, 119–20
Marcuse, Herbert, 16
Marx, Karl, 35–6, 105
Marx Brothers, 42
Marxism, 18, 35–6, 65, 115, 151
maturity, 66
maximisation of arguments, 4–5
military discipline, 72
Mill, John Stuart, 163
miserabilism, 36, 65, 71
modern cultural theory, 1–32, 103, 117, 139–40, 147, 150–9, 163
distinctiveness of, 34
ethos of, 156, 164
as a form of exercise, 155–6
modernism, 89, 121, 148, 153
anti-romanticism and, 161–2
creativity and, 26–7
norms of, 23–5
postmodernism and, 141–2
status of, 159–60
tradition and, 25
modernist art, 10–13, 24–5, 31–2, 56–9, 115, 117, 160
modernity, 86–8, 149, 153
moral codes, 77–9, 150
morality
definition of, 2
postmodern, 149–51
Mozart, W.A., 124–5
neo-liberalism, 95, 97
Nerval, Gérard de, 83
Newman, John Henry, 133
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 3, 19–20, 40, 72–7, 80–5, 126
nominalism, 12, 68, 81, 88, 99–100
objectivation, 163
objectivism, 63
pastoral power, 85
Peirce, C.S., 147–8
personality, ethical model of, 64
perspectivism, 63–5, 112–13
philosophy, 130–3
photography, 60, 62
Picasso, Pablo, 125–6
politics and political ethos, 91–2, 157–9
polizei, 95–6
Pompidou Centre, 100
pop music, 45
positivism, 13
postmodernism, 13, 26, 57–60, 67, 84, 87, 99, 111, 140–53, 158
modernism and, 141–2
morality and, 149–51
power, 71–5
cultural, 115
problematics and problem-atisation, 8
Protestantism, 88
publicity, 152
radicals, 93
rational choice theory, 140
reading, principles of, 4–7, 71, 79
realism, 118
reason, 22–3, 70
reductionism, 113
reflexivity, 105, 112–13, 126–31, 146
as an objectivising principle, 129
relationism, 105–6
relativism, 111–12, 136
Renaissance, the, 86
ressentiment, 83
revolutions and revolts, 93–4
Ricoeur, Paul, 137
romanticism, 27–8, 121, 161–2
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 133
Roussel, Raymond, 83
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 80, 99–100, 121, 134
Schoenberg, Arnold, 36, 52–4, 59, 63, 144
scholastic culture, 111
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 3, 20
scientifc discourse, 128
Scruton, Roger, 141–2
Seneca, 80, 90
Simmel, Georg, 14–16, 29–32, 108, 143
snobbery and inverted snob-bery, 108–9
social sciences, 129
social theory, 22
socialism, 95
sociobiology, 16
sociologisms, 113–16, 124, 162
sociology, 17, 97–8, 115, 123–33, 143, 147
of art, 113–14
intellectual, 130–1
Spengler, Oswald, 16, 36
Strauss, Johann, 110, 112
structure-agency problem, 105–6
subjectivation, 68–70, 78–80, 89–91, 94, 99
subjectivity, 69–70, 73–4, 78–81
subjectivity-effects, 46, 49, 51
taste and class differentiation, 109–12
techne, 90
theory, definition of, 6–7
transgressive behaviour, 119
truth, concept of, 19, 73–4, 78, 81–2
‘truthfulness’ (Bernard Williams), 81
universalism, 136–7
Van Gogh, Vincent, 32, 83
Weber, Max, 15, 22, 66, 88
Webern, Anton, 54
Welles, Orson, 43
Williams, Bernard, 81
Williams, Raymond, 17–18, 152, 159
Witkin, Robert, 114
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 126
Zola, Emile, 134
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