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unrealistic they might be’.79 The actions of newly independent nations on the Committee of 24 in implementing General Assembly Resolution 1514 from 1961 onwards increased the impression among British Foreign Office officials of the UN as an unwieldy and unpredictable organisation that had been converted into ‘an organ of the anti-colonial movement, a kind of Holy Alliance in reverse’.80 The embittered rhetoric from imperial internationalists, such as one of the leading British scholars of International Relations in the 1960s, Martin Wight, about the dismantling of the
views on the conduct of international affairs, Aiken used the debate as a further opportunity to remind the small states of the UN of their special duty to support the world body. ‘[H]ad it not been for the presence of the United Nations’, he argued, the crisis would have degenerated into ‘civil war backed by foreign intervention’.50 In spite of the accusations of pro-Western bias, he remained true to his commitments. On 14 April 1961 the Irish official Conor Cruise O’Brien voted in favour of a General Assembly resolution calling for Belgian withdrawal from the Congo
: a commitment to procedure and the hierarchy of the UN. Along with Sweden, the Irish delegation abstained on a General Assembly resolution of 4 May 1967 that created a UN Council to take over the administration of the Territory. Aiken was clear in his appraisal of the situation; on 19 May he told delegates that ‘the people of the territory can only be brought to freedom in the most peaceful and orderly manner if the Assembly resolves to place the responsibility where the authority and power belong – that is, on the Security Council and particularly on the permanent
Korean conflict, debates in the Council chamber concerning Resolution 83 (1950) were about the action’s exact location in the collective security provisions of Chapter VII (in Articles 39 and 42), 26 not the right of collective self-defence (in Article 51). After the Soviet Union had returned to the Council chamber in August 1950, the British sponsored General Assembly Resolution 376 that endorsed a crossing of the 38th parallel by UN forces. The British Foreign Secretary, Ernest Bevin, commented on 26 September 1950 that the ‘resolution contemplates the contingency
, reproduced in (2000) 5 JCSL 231. On the UN see analysis of General Assembly Resolutions starting with UN Doc A/RES/ 43/157 (1988) and UN Doc A/RES/44/146 (1989), in N.D. White, ‘The United Nations and Democracy Assistance: Developing Practice within a Constitutional Framework’ in P. Burnell (ed.), Democracy Assistance: International Co-operation for Democratization (Frank Cass 2000) 74–6. See also W.A. Knight, ‘Democracy and Good Governance’ in T.G. Weiss and S. Daws (eds), The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations (Oxford University Press 2007) 610. Most recently
of such a character as to incite the population of any territory to acts incompatible with the internal order or the security of a contracting party’. The rule encapsulated in this provision is unequivocally a rule of jus cogens , enshrined also in the seminal General Assembly resolution 2625, adopted on 24 October 1970, which enunciates the rule of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of
international rules governing foreign-owned property. Broches, the General Counsel of the World Bank and chief architect of the Convention, deliberately avoided making any reference to the recently adopted General Assembly resolution on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources. 181 Crucially, unlike previous conventions adopted at the World Bank, the drafting of the Washington Convention
, p. 6, n.1). 102 Report, p. 22. 103 Ibid., p. 24. 104 Ibid., pp. 76–82. 105 Ibid., p. 76. The Report, pp. 77–78, referred to other ethnic group texts, including General Assembly resolutions 217 C (III) and 532 B (VI), the UNESCO Convention 276 Inter-American system and indigenous peoples the American Convention on Human Rights guaranteed only individual rights, it possessed great salience for ethnic groups: ‘for an ethnic group to be able to preserve its cultural values, it is fundamental that its members be allowed to enjoy all of the rights set forth in the
), 18 September 1961; TNA CO 822/1947. 66 UN General Assembly Resolution No. A/RES/1646(XVI). 67 Copy of the conversation, dated 9 October 1961, and aide memoire dated October 1961; TNA CO 822/1948. 68
International Law Commission , 1950, II Y.B.I.L.C. 347, Schindler and Toman, 1265, and affirmed by General Assembly Resolution 177 (II) 1950. 43 Art. 7. 44 See Albert, The Case against the General , 1993, and Green, ‘Die