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This chapter outlines the contextual framework, within which German and British trade union politics at Ford and General Motors evolved between the late 1960s and the early twenty-first century. The chapter starts with a brief sketch of the post-war development of the British and German automobile industries, followed by a synthetic overview of the development of the two national industrial relations systems and the description of the specific trade
Europe, where two German states – the Federal Republic founded in May 1949 and its Communist rival, the German Democratic Republic, established in October of the same year – stood on what for much of the 1950s and the early 1960s seemed to be the brink of all-out war. From 1955 they were also integrated into rival military alliances – the American-led NATO in the case of the FRG
Catholic schoolgirls in the early 1960s, and had also written a number of pamphlets aimed at teenage readers for the Catholic Truth Society of Ireland (CTSI) and similar organisations. In response to those newspaper articles published in early 1963, both MacNamara and The Sunday Press received a huge amount of correspondence from readers seeking her advice. This prompted the editor to offer MacNamara an advice column in which she could respond to these queries. Between late 1963, when she began writing this column, and 1980, when she stopped, MacNamara became one of
and Australia). 5 The magazine’s distribution across both sides of the Cold War does not only differentiate it from other Greek refugee publications but also discloses its editorial strategy and political aims: ultimately, to construct a collective national cultural subjectivity for its diverse readership of Greek émigrés in the 1960s. This chapter examines Pyrsos
's perspective, housework was very much a job to be shared, and he proved a dab hand with a duster and vacuum. Joseph and Margaret's story reveals much about marriage in 1960s Ireland. At 22 and 20 respectively on their wedding day, they were part of the national trend towards younger marriages in that decade. A union based on love, theirs represented the more recent association of marriage with romantic love, rather than the practical arrangements that had previously been common. The roles they assumed, although not radically different from earlier
developed in the decades before, and which crossed national borders and regional zones. This is why we can indeed speak of a ‘long sixties’ with regard to the transformative power of religious activism in many parts of what is usually called the Muslim world. A couple of questions merit attention in this regard. What role did political Islam play in transnational and transregional activism of the 1960s and
, such as the Great Migration, 1915–25, or lynching, attracted the attention of the wider American public. During the 1950s and 1960s the spread of more liberal attitudes and values, reflected in the rise of Martin Luther King and the post-war Civil Rights Movement, inspired scholars to investigate the African American past. They eloquently portrayed the historical sufferings of black communities and felt moral outrage at such racial injustice in a way that would have been incomprehensible for many earlier scholars, who saw such inequalities as natural and inevitable
4 At a crossroads? 1950s–1970s Introduction Ireland’s quiet demographic revolution had profound implications for the direction of Irish politics. Demographic shifts to urban areas and population increases in the 1960s and 1970s led to demands for increased housing. Consequently, the shortage of serviced land necessitated the rezoning of large tracts of agricultural land.1 This was exacerbated because the growth and expansion of Dublin took place in a predominantly rural area. The 1961 census also recorded Ireland’s lowest population figures since records began
5 The Bond women If the character of James Bond was the kind of man that many men supposedly wanted to be in the 1960s, by all accounts men longed for the beautiful women that he meets. The women in Playboy have inspired similar comments, and also became an erotic ideal of the era. Certainly, women have played a major role in the fantasy celebrated by Playboy and Bond, and success with women was a vital aspect of the playboy lifestyle, in many ways inseparable from the consumerism examined in the previous chapter. Writing about the rise of the magazine, Barbara
feminism was absent from French art in the 1960s. An artist like Niki de Saint Phalle, for example, offered images of woman consciously breaking with the essentialist vision conveyed by magazines, which had begun to flower in these years. In July 1961, on the occasion of the avant-garde festival in Nice and at the opening of her personal exhibition ‘Feu à volonté’ (Fire at will) at Galerie J in Paris, Saint Phalle devoted herself to rifle shooting sessions on her own works (the famous ‘Tir’ or ‘Shoot’ pieces). The artist thus took possession of an object, which was