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regulatory sub-spheres of the European political economy (Callaghan, 2008). In this conclusion it is firstly argued that the 2004 and 2007 enlargements have had a profound impact on the clash of capitalisms surrounding the ESD. With few exceptions the CEE states joined the liberal coalition during the three case study negotiations. The outcome has been a strengthening of the liberal coalition, which has made policy outcomes of a more substantive nature for EU employment and social policy more difficult to achieve. The second section considers why the CEE states are
, thus running in parallel with the fall of Communism. The TEU was the outcome of two intergovernmental conferences: one on European Monetary Union (EMU), the other on European Political Union (EPU). The TEU appealed to Habermas ( 1998c : 4) particularly as a means of binding the newly reunified Germany into a network of continental commitments. The TEU constituted an ‘institutionalisation of diversity’, suggested Schmitter ( 1998b : 127), for it replaced the ‘Community method’, where all member states proceeded at the same
Western Europe in the Cold War era, the EEC made sense not only as an economic means but also as a political axis consequent on European economic development and Western security interests. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the increased momentum of globalisation suddenly shifted the practical political-economic context within which the European political-economic community attempted to define itself. As it stands, at the time of writing, the question of whether further European integration serves to further the development of efficient
introspection and, in these years, SLD tended to focus on domestic issues. The response of SLD to the crisis reflected such challenges. The party preferred a resolution which involved strengthening of European political structures, yet little action was taken at national or European level which supported workers in periphery countries. Searches of press and documentary sources yield limited indication that this was the case. SLD leader Leszek Miller published a July 2015 article which was sympathetic to Greece and criticized neoliberalism, while the
's political energies, as that is where the most power lies. The state distribution and regulation of resources is bounded in two ways: formally through an in-or-out logic, and informally through a core-periphery logic. That state and nation boundaries seem like such a natural fit is itself a result of nationalism. Yet nation-states are but a recent feature of European politics; city-states, empires, and regional federations do not have closely aligned state and nation boundaries. Nationalisation is the process when those sets of state boundaries are made
republican fascination for the Christians of the Middle East is that, were these Christians to be transplanted into the European political field, many of them, from the banks of the Nile to Mount Lebanon, would, mutatis mutandis , find themselves on the most radical fringes of the National Front—at least insofar as their relationship towards Muslim Otherness is concerned. In Lebanon, “minority syndrome” has produced anti-Muslim tensions that can easily compete with the worst excesses that France produced during the colonial period and in its aftermath. (It has also
impact upon the degree of Europeanisation of the party as well as its political visibility and effectiveness on the European political stage – what we might regard as its political presence . First, we comment briefly on the distinction between full member parties, observer parties and organisations with which EL has signed partnership agreements (a new category of association, introduced in 2017). Then, we examine the internal organisation of the EL – the role of party Congresses, the General Assembly (introduced in 2017), the Executive Board and the Council of
. Some members are from countries without EL members, such as the Foundation Naprzód (Forward) from Poland, or the Center for Marxist Social Studies, affiliated to the Swedish Left Party. 5 Together with the EL, Transform! has organised an increasing number of seminars, conferences and initiatives about European political, economic and cultural issues, principally (as discussed in chapter 4 ), the eponymous website and yearbook, co-sponsorship of the EL's summer university, and organisation of joint programmes for the ESF. It has also regularly contributed to other
purposes, Jessop’s view of (state) politics as a set of practices linked to power seems useful for a discourse-analytical approach re-imagining Europe: Politics refers to formally instituted, organised or informal practices that are directly oriented to, or otherwise shape, the exercise of …. power. In other contexts, one might refer to office politics, domestic politics, and so on. In contrast to the presumed relative stability of the polity as an instituted space, politics refers to dynamic, contingent activities that take time. They may occur within the formal