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food, medicine and other household essentials by borrowing from the grocery store, pharmacy, friends, family and neighbours, typically having nine to eleven loans outstanding at a time. Iman imagined two paths to a more stable future. In one, her family would sell their small piece of land in Syria and be able to buy a home in Jordan to cut down on rent payments. But refugees were not permitted to purchase property in Jordan. The second path would be
principles, this is an approach underpinned by the depoliticisation of the cause of Palestinians’ displacement and dispossession – the occupation of Palestinian territory by the state of Israel. In essence, the deal is a ‘truly Trumpian solution’: ‘cash for peace instead of land for peace… Peace will therefore be economic, rather than political… Their hopes may be dead but their bank accounts will be in the black’ ( Fisk, 2018 ). While UNRWA may be perceived as being at particular risk due to the financial precarity resulting from the funding
Alessandro De Goracuchi (1807–1887), who argued for anticontagionistic or even miasmatic approaches, was published by Austrian Lloyd in 1850. 46 In comparison, during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, in the event of cholera, a seven-day observation was proscribed for ships with patente brutta that had arrived from foreign lands (suspicious or infected). Land routes and the spread of cholera across the border Prophylaxis of contagious diseases, such as cholera, was not entirely contingent upon the prevention of its entry from the outside. The contemporary
the landscape as well as the people are invested. The Iberian Peninsula is neither European nor Asiatic in character, a land set apart from all others, but one pre-eminently to inspire a painter. 1 “The Iberian Peninsula” suggests that Hillier is thinking of Portugal as well as of Spain. The importance of Portugal to him is confirmed by part of the explanation he gives for not wanting to settle in Austria after his marriage to his second wife, Leda Hardcastle, in Vienna in
Several scenes in medieval Irish narrative texts involving the whipping of one character by another with an echflesc (horsewhip/riding crop) are known; and while two of these (in Fingal Rónáin and Serglige Con Culainn) are due to sexual matters, a third (which seems more comparable to that in Serglige Con Culainn) occurs in the Latin vita of St Colum Cille (aka Columba) is not apparently sexual. The latter two also share in common their visionary or mantic/prophetic results, and are done by supernatural figures in what appears to be a punitive manner. The question of how to interpret these incidents is a thorny matter, and one in which modern ideas about sadomasochistic activities may or may not be relevant. What is at stake may in fact be the manner via which a reader decides to examine these texts, and whether in adopting the hermeneutical framework of the ‘switch’, then one decides to ‘bottom’ to the cultural contexts of the narratives or ‘top’ with their potentially eroticised interpretive strategies and modern critical theories.
MUP FINAL PROOF – <STAGE>, 08/06/2013, SPi 2 Tony Varley: Gaining ground, losing ground: the politics of land reform in twentieth-century Ireland Introduction Broadly speaking, state elites and organized political and class forces can be viewed as the central actors in the politics of land reform in liberal democracies.The centrality of state elites (governing politicians and senior officials) reflects the assumptions that land reform proposals must be devised and enacted into law to have any real impact and that state power must be deployed to implement land
During the past 200 years, individualized property rights over land – embodying exclusive use, transferability and heritability – have been refined to increase a land-owner’s absolute authority. The discussion of events in New Zealand that follows depicts the law as a commanding artifact that failed initially to provide just steps for
with such services, such as schools, roads, bus, and rail services. Total expenditures for all of these and other public services and facilities amounted to 50.8 percent of GDP in 1995 and 50.6 percent in 1996, but declined to 48 percent in 1998 (United States = 31.6 percent chap 5 27/5/03 164 11:55 am Page 164 The Länder and German federalism in 1997). Taxes for all levels were 22 percent and various social insurance charges 18.5 percent for a total of 40.5 percent of GNP (however, individual social insurance charges in 1998 were 41.8 percent of wages and
MUP FINAL PROOF – <STAGE>, 08/01/2013, SPi 11 Tony Varley: The politics of ‘holding the balance’: Irish farmers’ parties and land redistribution in the twentieth century Introduction Farmers, even if led by nationalist politicians or activists, have typically been at the heart of the politics of the Irish land question whether this is understood to mean tenancy reform, land purchase or the division and redistribution of land.The effects of land agitation and land reform on the class differentiation of farmers, the subject of varying interpretations among
an actual country. – from Mother Ireland by Edna O’Brien The land–memory nexus is commonplace in studies of identity – even if only at the level of metaphor. For example, the first chapter in Benedict Anderson’s landmark Imagined Communities ( 1983 ) is entitled ‘Cultural