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in Cuba. 15 The potential for these actions to provoke significant international disputes between itself and its trading allies has not deterred the United States from taking strong steps against trafficking in drugs and in property once owned by Americans in Cuba. 16 The general myopia with respect to the human rights of women and labour conditions of female migrant
resonates with other collaborative works created in Britain during the early 1970s, notably the employment of sociological methodologies by Margaret Harrison, Kay Hunt and Mary Kelly during their investigation into gendered labour conditions for Women and Work: A Document on the Division of Labour in Industry 1973 – 75 (1973–75). 139 This study of women workers at a metal-box factory in Bermondsey, south London, explored the implementation and effects of the Equal Pay Act of 1970. In the words of Rosalind Delmar, it used what could be described as the ‘tools in trade
capitalism – the dizzying flows of capital investment and technology across national borders, the concomitant transformations of national economies and the emergence of new transnational centres of power – are not only creating new antagonisms around issues such as environmental destruction, worsening labour conditions and the dispossession of indigenous people, but are also presenting new opportunities for international cross-border activism as well as for the emergence of a global ‘civil society’. While these are commonplace observations in most studies of the politics
yesterday celebrated Labour Day in the customary manner and, in this city, under favourable auspices,’ he wrote. ‘It had long been recognised that in the colonies of the British Empire labour conditions generally are superior to those existing in older countries, and, in New Zealand in particular, the lot of the worker is usually one that leaves very little room for grumbling.’ 130 Having witnessed the
determine labour conditions.’103 In 1937, E.B. Ashton’s influential work reminded those who retained a lingering faith in fascist egalitarianism that Article Eight of Mussolini’s Carta del Lavoro, ‘the gospel of corporate theory’, stated that ‘The corporate state considers private initiative the most valuable and most effective instrument for the protection of national interests.’104 In 1938 the Italian Chamber of Deputies, long since neutered, was finally closed down and replaced by the ‘Chamber of Fasces and Corporations’, which, according to fascist propaganda, was the
by which commodities of mass consumption are produced. Given the outcries over very poor labour conditions in sweat-shops in poorer countries, it is surprising that Bauman even fails to refer in any detail to the investigative work of one of his supposedly favourite authors, Jeremy Seabrook (Hogan 2002), whose many writings on relevant subjects include the brilliant Song of the Shirt (2015) on garment workers in Bangladesh, articles from which project have been available for some time, as have articles on this subject from myriad reports and authors. Other
transportation. She concluded, ‘We, as British workers, cannot afford to regard Indian labour conditions as having nothing to do with us.’ On 5 September, a police official in the Guntur district told them nonchalantly of the beatings routinely used to disperse non-violent demonstrators.122 On 7 September, the delegates left the Madras presidency, arriving two days later in Bengal, proceeding to visit Dacca, Nadia and Chittagong. Wilkinson – who knew Sir John Anderson, the Governor of Bengal, personally – stayed the weekend at Government House in Darjeeling. Despite the danger
rather than generating the necessary surpluses to make the colony profitable. Such critiques were compounded by over-optimistic predictions by abolitionists that the colony would begin to flourish once more under free labour conditions. 97 In 1849, Thomas Carlyle brought the minstrel stereotype together with the economic critique in an article for Fraser’s Edinburgh Magazine entitled ‘Occasional discourse on the Negro Question’. Exercising his gift for cruel yet memorable stereotypes, the ‘Occasional discourse’ was full of references to ‘Quashee’, Carlyle’s racist
persecuted trade unionists and machine-based cotton workers who found labour conditions harsh in the mill towns of New England; the workers in antiquated trades felt themselves adrift from societies at home and abroad. They certainly had reason to fall on the mercy of the English charities, named for St George, Albion or England, which became common in big American cities and Canadian centres. It is in fact a very questionable approach to label entire national groups as monolithic diasporas, just as it is difficult to exclude the poor English helped out by St George
: Education in 1935, Cmnd. 5290 (HMSO, 1936), cited in J. Gollan, Youth in British Industry: A Survey of Labour Conditions To-day (London: Gollancz, 1937), p. 210. Many were still ‘children barely on the threshold of adolescence’, in height and ‘physical maturity’ resembling ‘the twelve- or thirteen-year-olds of the sixties’: N. Branson and M. Heinemann, Britain in the Nineteen Thirties (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971), p. 198. Girls’ entry into employment had fewer connotations of the adult world. They remained subject to greater parental control and their major