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the leading role of Interior Ministers in the AFSJ, even in its external dimension. He also argues that the role played by the US and NATO in counter-terrorism has hindered the development of the external dimension of EU counterterrorism. In contrast to Keohane’s argument, this chapter will show that the EU counter-terrorism policy has been characterised by an external dimension of growing importance
, 2003; Boswell, 2003a, b, 2008; Ellermann, 2008; Geddes, 2000, 2001; Stetter, 2000, 2007; Thielemann, 2001a, b, 2004, 2005, 2006; Thielemann and Dewan, 2006; Lavenex, 1998, 1999, 2001a, b, 2004, 2006; Occhipinti, 2003). With the establishment of internal competences in the area of asylum policy, it represents the acceptance of third countries of EU actorness in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). However
window of opportunity provided by the Romanian case to introduce children’s rights as an overarching EU policy, developed and implemented particularly as part of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). Externally, children’s rights have become a formal EU acquis accession condition and, consequently, a wide spectrum of issues pertaining to children is now strictly monitored in the current candidate countries. The Romanian children’s case, therefore, 04_ChildrensRights_092-121.indd 92 10/10/2013 10:35 Policy feedback effects93 acted as a catalyst for the
Introduction Since the entry into force of the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1999, the creation of an ‘area of freedom, security and justice’ has become one of the fundamental treaty and integration objectives of the EU. The AFSJ’s central rationale as a political project is to provide cross-border ‘freedom, security and justice’ within the external
development of this ‘Area of Freedom, Security and Justice’ (AFSJ) has remained the central concern of the European integration process in this area to date. In 1997, further steps were taken to ‘communitarise’ elements of the internal security agenda, with chap1.indd 6 26/05/2010 09:25:38 Introduction a new Title – IIIa – being created within the European Community Pillar to house all ‘Policies relating to the free movement of persons, such as visa entitlement and asylum’. The competencies contained in Art. K: 1 (1–6) were moved to this new Title, although, initially
justice (AFSJ) in Europe, along with the EU’s external role in international politics, have all boosted the profile of human rights principles at the EU level. However, the underlying dynamics between EU external policy, such as Eastern enlargement, and EU internal processes regarding human rights protection has not been thoroughly scrutinized so far. Indeed, there is no analytically rigorous and empirically robust research exploring how, why and the extent to which the human rights conditionality applied to Eastern candidates, as part of the accession negotiations
the development of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). Elements of the new security agenda are also at the forefront of security concerns in the Mediterranean region, as demonstrated by Roderick Pace in Chapter 12 . Key issues in the Mediterranean Basin include immigration, energy security and natural resources. By acceding to the EU, Malta has moved the EU much close to the major source
terrorism was invoked, alongside other threats, to help push for the amalgamation and ‘increased integration’ of Area of Freedom Security and Justice (AFSJ) policies ‘into the general policies of the European Union’.13 The document constructed the external dimension of EU internal security policy as ‘crucial to the successful implementation of the objectives of this programme’ and explained that the policy should ‘be fully coherent with all other aspects of EU foreign policy’.14 Furthermore, it stated quite clearly that ‘internal and external security’ policy were now
for Freedom, Security and Justice Franco Frattini was strategically positioned to advance child rights as an internal policy sector mainly steered from within the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) framework by DG JLS, now DG Justice. The politics stream, or the favourable political conditions that can facilitate policy innovation (Kingdon, 1984), include the broader contextual factors described in the first section of this chapter. Yet, as highlighted in Chapter 4, there were specific EU internal political factors that contributed to policy development
range of internal security concerns (some of which will be considered in more depth in Chapter 5, in relation to Europol‘s specific contribution to counter terrorism). However, as was noted in Chapter 2, when considering the wider establishment of the AFSJ, the provision, collation and consideration of such statistics have only served to emphasise the continued national prism of EU-wide activity, rather than providing a European benchmark by which to measure success (a similar trend will be noted in Chapter 4, considering the applicability of the label ‘matter of