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. (eds.), Mentorship, Leadership 121 122 Higher education in a globalising WORLD and Research; International Perspectives on Social Policy, Administration, and Practice. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. Habermas, J. (1992). Further reflections on the public sphere. In Calhoun, C. (ed.), Habermas and the Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. King, R., Marginson, S., and Naidoo, R. (2013). The Globalization of Higher Education. Cheltenham and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Kontowski, D., and Kretz, D. (2017). Liberal education under financial pressure
Britain, as well as to broader debates around the two principles of religious liberty and religious equality. From the context of the discussion it is clear that ‘liberal’ did not refer exclusively to liberal education. The term ‘liberal education’ itself was as much as an ideal as a practice. In the eighteenth century, liberal education was connected to the notions of ‘character formation, as preparation
-age education, Bondi additionally highlighted falsification and hypothetico-deductivism in his account of a liberal scientific education.1 Bondi’s effort to secure science as the basis for a liberal education was both timely and difficult. He was troubled by a post-war education system that seemed designed to entrench the sciences and the humanities in opposing camps. Given that politicians and senior civil servants had in the main received a classical education, this meant that fundamental misunderstandings between Westminster, Whitehall and scientists echoed on into future
particular difficulties, both conceptual and practical, in liberal education, and there is a strong analogy between the difficulties involved in teaching people to be autonomous and bringing them up on the idea of tolerance. The present chapter will focus on the problems of education to toleration. Its aim is primarily philosophical, that is, to expose the elusive nature of the very idea of toleration and its implications in education and to discuss some psychological and practical obstacles in educating the young to adopt a tolerant attitude to others. The fundamental
agents aroused concern that the industrial–military–government complex would corrupt integrity and disinterested scholarship. Realism ensured that such contracts did not cease; an arm’s-length relationship might be secured if academic knowledge production went with semi-arm’s-length diffusion of research findings 1 MUP_Osborne_Final.indd 1 30/07/2013 15:50 introduction in the form of ‘knowledge transfer’. Essentially similar arguments, couched as liberal education, have sought to nurture thinking citizens while remaining safely apolitical. This formulation has in
middle class to higher civilization, the result of a more intellectual education’. 18 This kind of liberal education was relatively easy to transport to colonial locations. As John Langton, the vice-chancellor of the University of Toronto, pointed out in 1860, the ‘ordinary text-books used in education, the classical authors in various languages, the books of reference in common use
the republicans in power did endorse a more ‘comprehensive’ than ‘political’ understanding of laïque morality, this was translated almost exclusively – though crucially – into a distinctive philosophy of education. On the republican view, it is the chief mission of state schools to inculcate children with the skills essential to the exercise of autonomy. Now, it is true that in matters of education, the distinction between political and comprehensive liberalism is elusive.24 Liberal education promotes individual autonomy without necessarily being ipso facto
debated in Victorian England. In Essays on Liberal Education (1868) for example, F. W. Farrar published his essay ‘On Greek and Latin Verse-Composition as a General Branch of Education’, as an extended polemic against ‘compulsory verse-making’. He complained about ‘the mysteries of the dreadful drill’ and asked how any student could possibly benefit from ‘the Latin which he endeavours to torture
Providence and because: To understand the general principles of natural philosophy is highly ornamental to the physician, for without a knowledge of these (which is by no means difficult to be attained) no man can pass through life in the character of a gentleman.9 Withers’ work suggests that a broad liberal education, embracing polite and ornamental knowledge, was central to a late eighteenth-century culture of medicine in which gentility and social inclusion were paramount concerns. He was not alone in his opinions. His mentor, John Gregory, had told his students that
Sassoon, Ronald Knox, Raymond Asquith’s sister Lady Violet Bonham-Carter, and other friends, relations and servants. Upper-class intellectual culture was founded on the tradition of ‘liberal education’ - that is, education for the life of a gentleman - at the greater public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge. Among the Souls and their children links with Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, were especially strong. As Raymond Asquith’s epitaph was intended to indicate, it was principally an education in classical literature