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1980s, as Lola Young indicates, some black British theorists started to question the dominance of North American modes of ‘consciousnesses’, asking: to what extent is the North American experience of racial differentiation applicable elsewhere, and in particular to Britain? [. . .] Although there are many similarities, it is important to remember that British experiences were dissimilar in important respects, and colonialism and imperial conquest have operated quite differently in North America. (Young, 1996: 10) M410 HARRIS TEXT.qxd 70 20/7/06 11:35 AM Page 70
quality criteria proposed by Vibert (and common to the North American experience) include the reproducibility of models and key findings, and the systematic use of peer review. In 2005, Vibert shifted his attention to institutional design, proposing an independent review body that ‘would aim to make the proposals of the Commission more open to judicial review’, since ‘it would identify any grounds for subsequent judicial review stemming from any procedural or factual shortcoming in an impact assessment’ (Vibert, 2005: 30–1). Vibert looks also at the role of IA in the
context of a colonial discourse which, in its ascription of a distinctive anachronistic temporality to Ireland, lent itself to psychoanalytical reinvention. Consideration of the Irish situation can nevertheless benefit from a careful and qualified comparison with events elsewhere. Reflecting on the North American experience, for example, Mark Seltzer has described the infiltration of civil society by the language of the consulting room as the elaboration of a ‘wound culture’. Seltzer understands this process as an ideological operation where the language of the
from the 1950s to plan and analyse the economic development of ‘third-world’ societies, often former colonies. Such specialists used models of ‘development’ which often assumed that it was appropriate to apply the ‘successful’ model of European and north American experience to those societies – an assumption which was questioned from the 1970s. This influenced DeGroot.indd 245 15/07/2013 10:23:31 246 • empire and history writing in britain • the work of historians who transferred such models back to their work on the European and north American past. They