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time he had been critical of the force’s overall efficiency. A decade later he reported that their efficacy had deteriorated still further. He explained this deterioration in terms of the post-war environment in which he observed changes in the political situation, labour conditions, trade union activities, education, cinemas
contexts of images, although I realise that it is not always possible to analyse advertising images in this way. Soap advertising enables an exploration of the soap companies’ interests in the palm oil resources of West Africa. Cocoa advertising reveals company interests in raw materials, as well as specific kinds of labour conditions. Tea marketing enables company interests in particular kinds of production
groups by 1900 about slave-labour conditions on the cocoa estates of two Portuguese controlled islands, Sao Thomé and Principe, off the coast of West Africa. Sao Thomé cocoa was known to be of good quality and although Cadbury’s and other cocoa manufacturers did not buy cocoa direct from the islands, a third of the cocoa from Sao Thomé was imported into England in the 1900s and
involved the Lomwe, recent migrants from Mozambique. 64 Lomwe workers were later characterised as being particularly unwilling to report sickness by colonial officials investigating labour conditions in Cholo district in 1931. 65 Despite the generalising nature of such colonial statements, there may have been pronounced suspicion towards colonial authorities and health
labour, indigenous and white, being the most obvious one. On the other hand, if the discourse of the ‘unity of the nation’ was to work, it was necessary to improve labour conditions and indigenous welfare and, at the same time, increase the waves of white settlement, which was, in the early 1950s, below the desired level, especially in the vast territories of Angola and Mozambique
ownership and control of agricultural markets were most pronounced. Labour conditions were highly significant. Industries that adopted modern production methods were susceptible to nationalist agitation among shopfloor workers performing repetitive tasks in a constrained working environment. Canning factories, bottling plants, textile manufacturers and, especially, mineworks became
–79, I. R. Phimister, ‘African labour conditions and health in the Southern Rhodesian mining industry, 1898–1953’, in I. R. Phimister and C. van Onselen, Studies in the History of African Mine Labour in Colonial Zimbabwe , Gwelo, 1987; R. M. Packard, ‘Tuberculosis and the development of industrial health policies on the Witwatersrand, 1902
TNA, CO 28/327/14. Bushe to Stanley, 12 Jan., 1943. 41 BA, LT/S/13. Major G. St J. Orde-Browne, the Labour Adviser to the Secretary of State, in his report Labour Conditions in the West Indies, 5 Mar. 1940, once again pointed out the levels of race tensions in Barbados, warning that the
Feb. 1940. 20 Anglo-American Commission, The Caribbean Islands and the War: A Record of Progress in Facing Stern Realities (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1943). 21 BA, GH/3/5, LT/S/13. Labour Conditions in the
with some authority that ‘The kind of uproar that Dundee industrialists often caused in the 1890s over labour conditions in Calcutta became a matter of the past in the twentieth century.’ 134 But the Dundee agitation of the 1890s over working conditions in Calcutta was only the first shot in the political and verbal wars against the Bengal industry. Dundee manufacturers returned