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labour, indigenous and white, being the most obvious one. On the other hand, if the discourse of the ‘unity of the nation’ was to work, it was necessary to improve labour conditions and indigenous welfare and, at the same time, increase the waves of white settlement, which was, in the early 1950s, below the desired level, especially in the vast territories of Angola and Mozambique
ownership and control of agricultural markets were most pronounced. Labour conditions were highly significant. Industries that adopted modern production methods were susceptible to nationalist agitation among shopfloor workers performing repetitive tasks in a constrained working environment. Canning factories, bottling plants, textile manufacturers and, especially, mineworks became
–79, I. R. Phimister, ‘African labour conditions and health in the Southern Rhodesian mining industry, 1898–1953’, in I. R. Phimister and C. van Onselen, Studies in the History of African Mine Labour in Colonial Zimbabwe , Gwelo, 1987; R. M. Packard, ‘Tuberculosis and the development of industrial health policies on the Witwatersrand, 1902
TNA, CO 28/327/14. Bushe to Stanley, 12 Jan., 1943. 41 BA, LT/S/13. Major G. St J. Orde-Browne, the Labour Adviser to the Secretary of State, in his report Labour Conditions in the West Indies, 5 Mar. 1940, once again pointed out the levels of race tensions in Barbados, warning that the
Feb. 1940. 20 Anglo-American Commission, The Caribbean Islands and the War: A Record of Progress in Facing Stern Realities (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1943). 21 BA, GH/3/5, LT/S/13. Labour Conditions in the
with some authority that ‘The kind of uproar that Dundee industrialists often caused in the 1890s over labour conditions in Calcutta became a matter of the past in the twentieth century.’ 134 But the Dundee agitation of the 1890s over working conditions in Calcutta was only the first shot in the political and verbal wars against the Bengal industry. Dundee manufacturers returned
. Many firms are improving this but many more require to give the matter very careful attention.’ Bonar concluded that ‘Welfare in the Jute Trade must be admitted to be still in its embryonic state.’ 39 Whenever the Dundee mills were criticised on these labour conditions, they replied that ‘the industry has done all it can and needs some assurance of protection against India’. 40