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the 1960s and 1970s on the basis that a high seas passage existed through the Strait of Gibraltar, which narrows to a width of only 8 miles, despite the historic 6-mile claim by Spain and the extension of Moroccan territorial waters from 3 to 12 miles in 1973. Neither claim was recognised by the United States, which at that time adhered to the old 3-mile rule. The point had practical importance during
-making and dispute settlement through adjudication may keep or usher in the return of peace, without States having to achieve full-fledged integration through supranational organizations. In this contribution, idealism is understood in the latter sense. One of the finest representations of the idealist model in science fiction is surely the Star Trek franchise. Since the 1960s, Star Trek has recounted the exploits of Starfleet, entrusted with the heavy task of exploring the galaxy whilst defending the United Federation of Planets, a seasoned interplanetary
, but their masterpieces contain a slight smile. 46 In all forms of art, comedy is the most challenging and the most accomplished. We may limit ourselves here to three types of parodic films: French, British and American. It might be too a way of coming back to a national film spirit, since humour does not rely on the same drives, whether it be American gags, British wit, French vaudeville to simplify matters. For the French, let’s study the recent OSS 117, a character based on Jean Bruce’s espionage novels 47 from the 1950s and 1960s. These two films 48 mock the
Model had become commonplace between developed states by the late 1960s, developing states remained on the whole rather reluctant participants. In 1967, the UN established a Group of Experts to consider the special problems relating to tax treaties between developed and developing states. After more than a decade of deliberation, the work of this Group culminated in the publication of a UN Model Treaty
authors of this book do not wish to weigh in on this debate, only to note that this idea has a larger following than the authors of this book. See, e.g. , Kylie Burns & Terry Hutchinson, “The Impact of ‘Empirical Facts’ on Legal Scholarship and Legal Research Training,” 43 Law Teacher 153 (2009) . 125 If authors, like Loevinger, argue that such measurements represented the start of an empirical revolution in law in the 1960s, the growth of empirical work in law mushroomed
developments after 1958 that influenced the negotiators of UNCLOS to devote more attention to protection of the marine environment than the negotiators of the Geneva Conventions include the growth of environmentalism from the late 1960s onwards; early instances of large-scale oil pollution caused by tanker accidents – the Torrey Canyon in 1967 and the Amoco Cadiz in 1978; and growing awareness during
also did not garner sufficient support to serve as a basis for a multilateral treaty. In the early 1960s, two further instruments sought to provide a basis for a multilateral agreement on investment protection. First, the 1961 ‘Harvard Draft Convention on the International Responsibility of States for Injuries to Aliens’ prepared by Professors Louis Sohn and Richard Baxter
oysters, clams, abalone and coral, are clearly treated as continental shelf resources. 47 (Sedentary species are expressly excluded from the resources to which the regime of the EEZ applies: UNCLOS art. 68.) It was, however, controversial whether crabs and lobsters fell within the definition of sedentary species; and this controversy gave rise to several disputes during the early 1960s, such as the USA
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) price rises of the early 1970s went hand in hand with the pursual by OPEC of a participation policy whereby, by negotiation or nationalisation, OPEC members acquired progressively a shareholding in their own oil industries. 25 And in the newly independent states of Africa and Asia economic nationalism held sway from the 1960s through to the early 1980s
in the 1960s 64 and, after the 9/11 attacks, the US government has supported film-making focusing on recent conflicts, as illustrated by movies like Act of Valor (2012), 65 The Lone Survivor (2013) 66 and Black Hawk Down (2001). 67 This ‘coordination of US foreign policy, dominated by the “war against terrorism”, with Hollywood productions’ 68 results in cinematographic productions that are generally pro-military (pro-soldier), that evade the problems linked to the reasons and causes of a given conflict, and that focus instead on presenting a collective