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subculture and accumulated capital. However, despite proclaiming himself “retired,” he continues to live in a squat, and exists in an ambivalent relation to the subculture, in which he claims to want to exit but is factually unable to leave. Dirk grew up in a small town in the south of the Netherlands in an orthodox, Catholic family. Due to a difficult situation at home, he ran away twice, succeeding the second time. As a pre-teen, he was compelled by Do-It-Yourself and progressive politics, squatting, anarchism
politics of the Anti-Nazi League’, Renton also declares: ‘The meaning of any musical style is set in dialogue with its audience; it is contextual and changes over time.’ And he illustrates his argument with a direct reference to punk: ‘The “anarchism” of the Sex Pistols meant something more in 1977 than it did in 1981 – after Malcolm McLaren and the militant cynicism of The Great Rock and Roll Swindle.’44 Following Renton, then, it would be unrealistic to expect a modern-day RAR to replicate the same musical coalition that characterised its first incarnation.45 So
disavows anarchism and proudly proclaims her membership in the social democratic party. Among anarchists, it’s an insult to be called a social democrat. Fleur moved to Amsterdam to study sociology and through various networks, became involved in squatting. She mastered squatter skills: building, breaking, organizational, non-instrumental acts of bravery, and strategic manipulation. At a certain point, she dropped out of university to pursue a commercial sailing and naval career where she excelled. During her brief
resolution of support; see also G. Frost, ‘“Love is always free”: anarchism, free unions and utopianism in Edwardian England’, Anarchist Studies, 17:1 (2009), 73–94. 142 J. Lee, My Life with Nye (London: Penguin Books, 1980), p. 29. The Labour MP Ben Turner recollected in 1930 that ‘Many years ago there were Socialist Sunday Schools in Yorkshire, more than there are to-day, and oft-times they have invited me to address them at the anniversary services’: B. Turner, About Myself 1868–1930 (London: Humphry, Toulmin, 1930), p. 239. 143 LHASC, SSS/7, NCBSSS correspondence
the Ljubljana alternative scene’.80 The debate generally revolved around questions about the way in which punk was presented in the mainstream media –as a cradle of anarchism and Nazism, which was strongly refuted by people who were closely related with the scene and were attached to the youth organisation through its publications, magazines, cultural centres, etc. Igor Vidmar in his radio show Rock Fronta in November 1981 problematised the public stigmatisation of punk and attempted to defend it publicly by saying that his colleagues in Radio Študent and himself