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, Picazo and Erice’s work) may be labelled transnational. Locura de amor forms part of the 1940s costume-drama cycle that included the Anglophone Hollywood and British examples dubbed and screened in Spain contemporaneously to great popular acclaim. Esa pareja feliz, on the other hand, 162 Performance and Spanish film could be described as a version of Italian Neorealism made-in-Spain.5 La tía Tula, which co-starred the Argentine Carlos Estrada, similarly exhibits the influence of Neorealism, and found its most appreciative audience at a film festival which
Liberal institutionalism emerged as a major alternative to (neo)realism and played a prominent role in the literature on international institutions, regimes, and regional integration in the 1980s and 1990s. 1 Scholars chose to challenge neorealism in its own turf, so liberal institutionalism combines the belief in the possibility of change and improvement with some traditional realist assumptions. Its contribution to the analysis of international relations and its influence on policy
constructivist perspective, based on norms, culture and identity counter poses rationalist theoretical accounts of IO change. The latter includes neorealism, neoliberal institutionalism and the subsequent Principal–Agent (P–A) model, which are derived from micro-economics and assume that all actors are utility maximising egoists. Early constructivist scholarship posited that international norms were conveyed by IOs (and NGOs) to states, 3402 World Bank Group:2634Prelims 4 12/11/09 14:55 Page 4 World Bank Group interactions with environmentalists thus shaping state
to understand the simultaneous V4 divergence and Polish exceptionalism that can be observed most notably since the 2014 Ukrainian Crisis. To understand foreign and defense policy divergence in the V4, two theoretical frameworks present themselves. First, realism. Realist theories assume that states pursue power (classical realism) or survival (neo-realism), and, under conditions of security dilemma, they inevitably
the place of any image and its glide of references make such categories unstable since every image is the off of another one. The realist positions taken by André Bazin at the close of the Second World War, best exemplified for him by Italian neorealism, later by the films of the French Nouvelle Vague, was not on behalf of an internally consistent realism, likenesses to life supposed to reflect reality, but rather concerned reality as a break and disruption, the outside coming in, document in the midst of fiction, a scattering of the illusions of a realism dependent
innovative ways in his various television documentaries.22 Grigsby’s Living on the Edge (ITV, 1987) applies an associative method of montage, in which sound and image are combined into a narrative and argument without need for commentary, in a manner that resembles methods deployed by Jennings in films such as Listen to Britain. The influence of Jennings’ work has extended beyond the realm of documentary production into fiction filmmaking across the past sixty years. While it would be overstating a case to argue that Jennings’ films directly influenced Italian neorealism
“art,” are awash with the same trappings of sentimentality … that are often considered negative in “commercial” narrative films’. 38 Karl Schoonover has discussed the international reception of Italian neorealism in relation to ‘the emergence of a new visual politics of liberal compassion’ and argues that for both American and European commentators alike ‘an emergent realist aesthetic of cinema could build new vectors of post
, IFC and MIGA 3402 World Bank Group:2634Prelims 20 12/11/09 14:56 Page 20 World Bank Group interactions with environmentalists reluctance may have been based on maintaining their identity based on a fixed interpretation of their mandate which informs their ability to act independently without the constraining influence of either member state oversight of TEAN monitoring. First, however, the limitations of rationalist approaches (neorealism, neoliberal institutionalism and the P–A model) to IO change are identified. States as determinants of IO change States
challenger, in the form of neoliberal institutionalism. However, here again the central tenets of realist theorising – including its substantive cultural blind spots – remained unchallenged. Liberalism’s resurgence was built, partly, on its ability to engage the dominant realist paradigm through the broad acceptance of realist assumptions. Neoliberal institutionalism re-introduced a Kantian tripod – democracy, institutions and law, and economics – within neo-realism’s logic of anarchy (the assumption that there is no world government or Leviathan). Liberals did not contest
narrative plot resolution, conventional editing techniques, easily identifiably characters, genres and styles which combined to make this type of filmmaking the dominant model for commercial cinema for the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Many of the tropes and styles which we take for granted in conventional filmmaking are features of classical Hollywood narrative. Italian neo-realism emerged in Italy in the immediate post-war period and has traditionally been read as offering a commentary on the social plight of the people and the nation in this period. Although