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Organization of African Unity (OAU).159 Among the non-state actors opposing a given status quo, it is likely that the insurgents (often labeled as “terrorists”) will be among the most prolific rebels in current and future warfare.160 They are, however, not alone. Thomas X. Hammes describes the new security threats as originating in “the increasing power of smaller and smaller entities” that are part of networks, sharing information and resources in order to wreak large-scale havoc. These non-state actors represent “causes” not states or nations.161 The threat these entities
quantify and count in a study such as the one provided by this book. Principles not on the authoritative list Analysis by precedent sometimes can lead to principles not on the authoritative list. The African Court of Human and People’s Rights’ Protocol starts by “considering that the Charter of the Organization of African Unity recognizes that freedom, equality, justice, peace and dignity are essential objectives for the achievement of the legitimate aspirations of the African peoples.” 21 In other words
Relations, 155–172; Link, Woodrow Wilson: Revolution, War, and Peace, 98–99; Brendan Simms, Europe: The Struggle for Supremacy, from 1453 to the Present (New York: Basic Books, 2013), 320–326; Clive Archer, International Organizations, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1992). 42 Mark W. Zacher, International Conflicts and Collective Security, 1946–77: The United Nations, Organization of American States, Organization of African Unity, and Arab League (New York: Praeger, 1979), 1. 43 Claude, Power and International Relations, 152. 44 Baker, Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement
humanitarian aid operations in Mogadishu. The failure to address the worsening humanitarian situation in Somalia generated mounting international pressure for a large military humanitarian intervention. Although Africa lacked a powerful regional organisation such as the EC, three organisations did adopt a proactive stance for Somalia’s assistance: the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the Arab League, and the OIC. They called for heavy military intervention with official authorisation for the use of force. These ideas received wide support from the international media and