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Sea under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This dispute has become more important since the early 2000s because of gas and oil deposits, with both countries establishing drilling platforms. The issue has become militarised, with China’s growing military power allowing it to extend patrols into new areas and bringing the two countries’ forces into regular proximity in disputed territories. Observers fear that the situation could trigger armed conflict between them. In 2008 China and Japan reached a ‘political agreement’ on exploitation of the East
–2. 105 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 10 December 1982, UN Doc. A/CONF. 62/122, reprinted in 21 International Legal Materials (1982) 1261, article 64; Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish
. 27 Butare Indictment, 26 May 1997, ICTR-97-21-1. See Rwanda Not So Innocent When Women Become Killers (London, Africa Watch, 1995). 28 Established under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 10 December 1982, UN Doc. A/CONF.62/122, reprinted in 21 International Legal Materials (1982
. 77 M. Bedjaoui, above note 74 at 87. 78 S. Chatterjee, ‘The Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States: an evaluation after fifteen years’, 40 International and Comparative Law Quarterly (1990) 669. The renegotiation of Part XI of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 10 December 1982, UN
specific circumstances where ships or aeroplanes enjoy the right to innocent passage or overflight – and therefore, to prevent abuses of such tolerance. Under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), ships enjoy the right to ‘innocent’ passage on the territorial sea. 358 In particular, foreign ships are prohibited from engaging in ‘any act aimed at collecting information
from the two outmost points of each state’s coastline. These lines would continue out into the sea until they eventually diverge, dividing the Caspian Sea into various sized segments. Each country would have the rights to the oil within its portion of the sea. Iran and Russia insist that the Caspian is a sea and that under the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, each littoral state owns the sea’s resources within a 12-mile limit. It also possessed an exclusive economic zone for a further 200 miles. Moscow and Tehran claim ownership over the sea resources in a 4