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intergovernmental organisations like the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, King Bhumibol anchored his kingship to the new gospel of development ( kwham phatthana ) (Fountain et al., 2015 : 41; see also Cullather, 2004 ). As with his predecessors, this move validated his mandate both in Thailand and abroad. During his reign, development thus followed the traditional flow of divinity, from high to low, from heaven to earth, from the capital to the periphery, from the monarch to his subjects in accordance with ‘nature’ (‘ thammachat ’), ‘that which arises from
member-states like the United Kingdom. I argued that the EU continued to evolve on the community model – not as an intergovernmental organisation or a confederation – primarily because integrationist leaders, whose remembrance of the past led them to believe in the necessity of pooling decision-making powers, pushed the project forward at crucial moments. In chapter 4 , the final section of the explanatory-diagnostic part of the book, I claimed that the EU’s problems at the start of the third millennium – while heightened by the financial, monetary, and political
focused. Soft power is bound to actors such as states, countries and intergovernmental organisations or – in relation to the topic of this book – welfare workers, citizens and welfare organisations and their abilities to set agendas and convince others to cooperate. Powerful encounters At its core, power has to do with how individuals, alone or collectively, ‘attempt to achieve their objectives and to assist or obstruct others in the achievement of theirs’ (Jenkins 2013: 140). In doing so, individuals then deploy different resources meaningful to the contexts in which
move country on the behest of his employer. This evidences that also the exclusive international labour market spanning intergovernmental organisations, international non-governmental organisations and multinational corporations is governed by rules and norms that often tightly control the (migratory) lives of employees. Lavish salaries and benefits are often tied to temporary status – and together they produce specific forms of ‘differential inclusion’ of privileged migrant labour. In this context, accepting a job at the UN in Nairobi was partly a practical decision
social responsibility in the areas of work, product quality, the environment and human rights. 25 Global administrative law : This is the most recent candidate for a constitutionalisation of transnational sectors. 26 Today, there are more than 2,000 global regulatory agencies in the form of international and intergovernmental organisations. 27 In contrast to the administrative law of the UN and
advocacy networks as Keck and Sikkink do (1998: 8–10); this is detailed in chapter 2. IOs refer to intergovernmental organisations and do not include NGOs. Non-state actors refer to NGOs not IOs, as the latter are made up of states. 4 All currency values are in United States dollars. 5 That organisations respond to their environment based on their organisational ‘identity’ is sociologically inspired. The reflexivity of constructivism is often overlooked by rationalists who focus on 3402 World Bank Group:2634Prelims 18 12/11/09 14:56 Page 18 World Bank Group
), a regional intergovernmental organisation. In 2018, the PIF affirmed that climate change is the ‘single greatest threat to the livelihoods, security and wellbeing of the peoples of the Pacific’ (Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, 2018a ). This recognised that climate change exacerbates existing sources of insecurity and has a profound impact on the people’s relationship with
in action. 1 This is how President Franklin Delano Roosevelt addressed the director general of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), Herbert H. Lehman, in November 1944. A leading figure in the Democrat Party and governor of the State of New York from 1933 to 1942, Lehman had been a strong supporter of the New Deal. However, he had not been given the office of director general of the intergovernmental organisation that had to take the necessary aid to the populations hit by the war ‘to start a new life’ just because
). State policies, however, continued to reflect the principles of distributive settlement. Political outcomes were shaped by diplomatic means. A number of intergovernmental organisations were created in the 1945–49 period on a functional consultative basis. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation in Europe (OEEC) was founded on 16 April 1948 as the institution responsible for administering the Marshall
‘composite, supranational, general European interest’ but also pursues its own institutional interests. Furthermore, it can also act as an intergovernmental organisation due to the fact that members of the College of Commissioners or civil servants from the administrative structures cannot fully independent from external pressure. This confirms the depiction of the Commission as a politico