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–3. 55 Roger Manning, Village Revolts: Social Protests and Popular Disturbances in England, 1509–1640 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 237–8. 56 John Bossy, The English Catholic Community, 1570–1850 (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1975), pp. 37–8. 57 Kaushik, ‘Resistance, loyalty and recusant politics’, pp. 37–72. 58 Anne Hughes, ‘Warwickshire on the eve of the Civil War: a “county community”?’, Midland History 7 (1982), p. 51. 59 For a recent
’, pp. 136–7. For evidence of the persistence of local sales into the eighteenth century, see N. J. G. Pounds, ‘Food production and distribution in pre-industrial Cornwall’, in W. Minchinton (ed.), Population and Marketing; Two Studies in the History of the Southwest (Exeter Papers in Economic History, 11, 1976), p. 120. 72 Thirsk and Cooper (eds), Seventeenth-Century Economic Documents, p. 344; A. Fletcher, A County Community in Peace and War: Sussex, 1600–1660 (London, 1975), p. 151. Local sales to labourers were specifically exempted from orders to sell all grain in
machinery of the “commune petition” in the fourteenth century’, EHR , 56 (1941), 198–233, 549–70; J. R. Maddicott, ‘The county community and the making of public opinion in fourteenth century England’, TRHS 5th series, 28 (1978), 27–43. 20 Musson and Ormrod, Evolution , pp. 146–57; Ross, Edward IV
. 12 The 1341 Royal Inquest in Lincolnshire , ed. B. W. McLane, Lincoln Record Society, 78 (1988). 13 G. L. Harriss, King, Parliament and Public Finance in Medieval England to 1369 (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1975), pp. 405–10; W. N. Bryant, ‘The financial dealings of Edward III with the county
. 14 Payling, ‘Law and arbitration’, 150–51; S. J. Payling, ‘Arbitration, perpetual entails and collateral warranties in late medieval England: a case study’, JLH , 13 (1992), 32–62. 15 Rawcliffe, ‘Commercial disputes’, p. 110; M. J. Bennett, ‘A county community: social cohesion
-revisionists in the wake of provocative claims about the importance of the ‘county community’ and of localism. Scribal documents and printed pamphlets have been used to demonstrate the degree to which national issues penetrated into local cultures and society, the degree to which people across the country were engaged with, and able to follow, national affairs and the degree to which local people could influence national affairs, as authors, petitioners and lobbyists. Recent work on political communication, in other words, has detected important shifts in the kinds of
, which paid dividends of up to 10 per cent, although free admission seems to have been as great an attraction. In the nineteenth century, when most courses were unenclosed, upper- and middle-class groups had provided subscriptions to the race meetings. By the interwar period this practice had died out on flat courses, which were almost all enclosed and reliant on entrance money through the turnstiles. The traditional pattern continued, however, in the smaller National Hunt courses, where elite patronage allowed status positioning within the county community. Race
exhaustively explored: see C. Holmes, ‘The county community in Stuart historiography’, The Journal of British Studies 19 (1980), pp. 54–73. 2 V. Morgan, ‘The cartographic image of “the country” in early modern England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Series 29 (1979), pp. 129–54; Cliffe, The Yorkshire Gentry, pp. 20–4. 3 Gerard, Dorset, p. 35; Carew, Cornwall, p. 138. 4 Compare the introductions of Staffs. C.R.O. D649/4/2, and Burton, Revised; Williams, ‘William Burton’s 1642 revised edition of the Description of Leicestershire’, pp. 30–6. 5 M. Aston
Jury, pp. 58–60. 29 Herrup, ‘Law and morality’, 108; Hindle, State and Social Change, pp. 20, 28–9; Goldie, ‘The unacknowledged republic’, pp. 153–94. 30 CALS QJB, 1/5, fos 435, 485, 529; QJF 70/1, no. 59; J. H. E. Bennett and J. C. Dewhurst (eds), Quarter Sessions Records, with Other Records of the Justices of the Peace for the County Palatine of Chester, 1559–1760 (Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 94, 1940), pp. 97–9. 31 Holmes, ‘County community’, pp. 54–73. 32 CALS QJB 1/5, 1/6. 33 Morrill, Cheshire Grand Jury, pp. 14–15; Morrill
such as the Pilot Area Development Programme (Scully 1968) recently launched to tackle the chronic problems facing small farmers in western counties. Community development was, therefore, ‘being increasingly accepted in Ireland as a most useful instrument not only by some rural organisations but by the Government itself and by some of the service agencies (notably Bord Failte and the Agricultural Advisory Services)’ and ‘it would be tragic if this commitment were not supported by the most effective possible organisation to link the voluntary and public bodies’. The