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counts of Modena and Piacenza are mentioned fighting side by side. 37 While we have no information on how the kings of northern Iberia secured military support, the Anglo-Saxon and Frankish realms imposed heavy fines on those who refused to join the army. 38 In England in the mid-Saxon period, King Ine’s law code lists fines varying between 30 and 120 shillings according to the social status of the person. 39 The lowest fine was for ceorls, a category which would seem at this time to indicate free peasants. In the Frankish world, a fine of 60 solidi , called
Robert Tignor, ‘The “Indianization” of the Egyptian Administration Under British Rule,’ American Historical Review , 68 (April 1963), 636–61. 28 Despite the study of Indian traditions and law codes in creating a legal system based on an ‘“ancient Indian constitution’”, by the late eighteenth century
and laborers, were perhaps best examples of this, but everywhere public power was used to promote growth. In Massachusetts’ first settlement at Salem in 1629, the wide distribution of land gave even poor folk ‘more wood for Timber and Fire … then many Noble men in England can afford’, and the colony’s 1641 law code, published in London, made it clear to prospective migrants that all admitted
those whom the Church labelled heretics. 12 When Justinian I (527–65) systematized the Roman law code he equated heresy with treason, and made both capital offences. His legislation against the Manichaeans was particularly harsh: ‘We decree that those who profess the pernicious error of the Manichaeans shall have no legal right or official permission to live in any place in our republic [ sic ] and
be further illustrated by means of a correlation. The categories of ballot access requirements devised above can be assigned codings, with ‘easy’ ballot access laws coded 3, ‘medium’ ballot access laws coded 2, and ‘hard’ ballot access laws coded 1.22 If right-wing extremist parties consistently record higher electoral scores in countries where ballot access requirements are easy and lower electoral scores in countries where ballot access requirements are hard (as was hypothesized above), given these codings, a positive correlation coefficient should be observed
the richness and complexity of the Welsh lawbooks for the study of Welsh medieval women. All of the essays, such as Christopher McAll’s study of the contexts of women’s lives as depicted in the lawbooks, laid the groundwork for future scholars, a groundwork which has yet to be built on. 26 Nevertheless, following on from these approaches, the household of the queen in the Welsh laws was briefly covered by Robin Chapman Stacey in an essay which discussed the king, the edling and the queen in the thirteenth-century law codes in a comparative framework. 27 The
for Community: A Study in the Ethics of Order and Freedom . New York : Oxford University Press . Oakeshott , Michael , [1947] 1997 . ‘ Rationalism in politics ’, in J. Z. Muller (ed.) , Conservatism: An Anthology of Social and Political Thought from David Hume to the Present . Princeton NJ : Princeton University Press , 292–312 . Olivelle , Patrick (trans.) , 1996 . Upaniṣads . New York : Oxford University Press . Olivelle , Patrick (trans.) , 2004 . The Law Code of Manu
law code what had been a series of decisions by the general meeting across the decade, a set of ordinances that clearly displayed the importance of the sovereign powers to mark boundaries, to take possession of land within a territory, to restrict uses and to exclude in the building of a settlement.46 In this context, sovereignty by 168 KYLE 9781526147158 PRINT.indd 168 26/02/2020 08:57 Sovereignty by the book the book entailed the settling of boundaries between Gloucester and adjacent plantations, the authorisation of the Annisquam canal project, the laying out
English Church.26 Edward Coke had similarly celebrated custom as a reflection of God’s will, in the Preface to his Third Reports, published the year before Hayward’s tract. Coke argued that beneath the superficial diversity of national law codes there lay an underlying uniformity that must derive from a divine source. For as in nature we see the infinite distinction of things proceed from some unity, as many flowers from one root, many rivers from one fountain … so without question lex orta est cum mente divina, and this admirable unity and consent in such diversity of
centuries, which interdict infant abandonment, with the exception of deformity, arguing that ‘[p]hysically impaired children … if reared, would present too great a demand on resources and in the future would be limited in providing for themselves and contributing to the community's economy’. 28 In addition to the sagas and law codes, which mention child abandonment with some frequency, archaeological evidence supports this practice as a fact of early medieval life. Archaeologists have, for several decades, discussed the