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In order to achieve the harmonious merging of the Japanese and Korean people, nothing was more necessary than the [1914] reform which placed both of them on an equal footing in the same administrative framework. 1 Just when the Japanese migration to Korea was soaring – eventually bringing about one of the largest new communities in the colonial world – the colonial authorities in Seoul curiously set out to dissolve it within a unified political body, Chôsen, which was neither Korea
Contemporary civilisational analysis has emerged in the post-Cold War period as a forming but already controversial field of scholarship. This book focuses on the scholarship produced in this field since the 1970s. It begins with anthropological axioms posited by Ibn Khaldun, Simon Bolivar and George Pachymeres. Three conceptual images of civilisations are prominent in the field. First, civilisations are conceived as socio-cultural units, entities or blocs in an 'integrationist' image. They emerge out of long-term uneven historical processes. Finally, in a 'relational' image civilisations are believed to gain definition and institute developmental patterns through inter-societal and inter-cultural encounters. The book traces the history of semantic developments of the notions of 'civilisation' and 'civilisations' coextensive with the expansion of Europe's empires and consubstantial with colonialism. Early modernities are more important in the long formation of capitalism. Outlining the conceptual framework of inter-civilisational engagement, the book analytically plots the ties instituted by human imaginaries across four dimensions of inter-civilisational engagement. It also interrogates the relationship between oceans, seas and civilisations. Oceanian civilisation exhibits patterns of deep engagement and connection. Though damaged, Pacific cultures have invoked their own counter-imaginary in closer proximity to past islander experiences. Collective memory provides resources for coping with critical issues. The book also explores Latin American and Japanese experiences that shed light on the engagement of civilisations, applying the model of inter-civilisational engagement to modern perspectives in culture and the arts, politics, theology and political economy.
4 Making global warming policy This chapter gives background information on policy-making to tackle the global warming problem in Japan and Britain. In Chapter 3, I briefly explained that Japan could be considered corporatist and Britain pluralist in terms of government–industry relations, patterns of interest representation, and the norm of decision-making. I will elaborate how these differences are actually reflected in the traditionally dominant environmental policy styles of the two countries. Those industrial structural contexts that have important
Defeat in 1945 brought an end to the Japanese empire and occupation by foreign powers for the first time in Japanese history. 1 Considering that Japan was the only non-Western country to possess colonies rather than being a colony itself, ‘de-imperialisation’ might be a more appropriate term than ‘decolonisation’ to describe Japanese developments after the Second World War. 2 Japan not only lost the territories throughout Southeast Asia that it had occupied during the late 1930s and early 1940s, but also colonies gained as spoils of war in the 1890s and early
4 Regulatory state transformation with an unusual approach This chapter examines the specific characteristics of Japan’s ICT Âregulation after the 1980s. The chapter first considers the impact of state transformation through the institutional characteristics of the ICT regulator as a ministry and the lack of an independent regulator. The impact of the collective view and power relations between state actors regarding issues such as regulatory organisations exemplify the development of state transformation. Japan offers an unusual example in which only a limited
favour of competition and antimonopoly regulation was contested. This book focuses on the Japanese case of this emergent regulation, exploring the response of the state to the specific challenges it presents. A characteristic of the Japanese case includes significant influence from the US; Japan’s anti-monopoly institution was designed under the initiative of the SCAP on its establishment in 1947. This direct import from the US provoked a contest with the traditional approach. The subsequent revision of Japan’s anti-monopoly regulation in 1953 significantly weakened
Introduction This chapter examines the ways that two Japanese-style gardens in Portland, Oregon, provide places for learning about aesthetics and between cultures, and for maintaining constructs of cultural identity. It builds on the belief that gardens can function as places of learning (like ‘classrooms’ outside schools), as museum collections and curatorial constructions of culturally significant knowledge, and as artworks. As learning sites, these Portland gardens function as places where visitors can enjoy aesthetically rich somatic experiences while
power. Indo-China was bound to be considered a special case by the Vichy regime and the Free French movement. A valuable colonial federation in peacetime, it was none the less considered virtually indefensible before the fall of France. The development of a coexistence policy between Jean Decoux’s administration and the Japanese military was never equivalent to Vichy
contestation of knowledge and its absence. The major part of this chapter deals with the new medical high technology of organ transplantation. Despite the mounting pressure from outside and some from within the medical profession, the Japanese have shown remarkable resistance to the notions of brain death and organ transplantation. I argue that the new medical technology is an outgrowth of Enlightenment
From the start of the Cold War to the presidency of Donald Trump, nuclear weapons have been central to the internal dynamics of US alliances in Europe and Asia. But cooperation on policy, strategy, posture and deployment of US nuclear weapons has varied significantly between US alliances and over time. Partners in Deterrence goes beyond traditional accounts that focus on deterrence and reassurance in US nuclear policy, and instead places the objectives and influence of US allies at the centre of analysis. Through a series of case studies informed by a rigorous analytical framework, it reveals that US allies have wielded significant influence in shaping nuclear weapons cooperation with the US in ways that reflect their own, often idiosyncratic, objectives. Combining in-depth empirical analysis with an accessible theoretical lens, Partners in Deterrence provides important lessons for contemporary policy makers and makes an essential contribution to existing scholarship on alliances and nuclear weapons.