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and the Protocol on Preventing, Countering and Punishing Trafficking in Human Beings, especially Women and Children (European Commission, 2003: 24). The Commission also requested that Romania join regional cooperation initiatives on human trafficking. Hence, in 2003, Romania signed the Statement for Protection of the Witnesses and Trafficking of Children, a Stability Pact Task Force within the framework of regional cooperation initiatives. The EU employed regional and EU tools to secure the Union’s external borders, given Romania’s prospective membership, and
Treaty on Open Skies. As for conflict management activities, these have acquired their most inclusive quality in the Balkan region. The Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe launched at the EU’s initiative in June 1999 has come to involve eight states of the region, all member states of the EU, interested states such as Russia, Turkey and the US, as well as a number of international organisations (the UN
Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia and Albania – have given us support in circumstances of intense internal difficulty’.48 These internal difficulties were a reference to the unpopularity of NATO’s military action, with Iliescu’s PDSR being the chief critic in Romania. A Stability Pact for the Balkans was launched in the summer. The EU was the main source of funds for a project designed to prevent future conflict and integrate the region with mainstream Europe. This poorly managed initiative was soon lost sight of and instead the EU integration process assumed centre stage
likely that Schroeder’s arch-pragmatism went down well inside the PSD. His apparent lack of concern about its lurches towards authoritarianism suggested that life inside the EU might be even more congenial than expected. M1762 - GALLAGHER TEXT.indd 160 8/5/09 11:45:04 The EU at its most incoherent 161 Perhaps German and French violation of the Stability Pact and Greek evasion about the country’s ability to join the euro zone had taught Iliescu and Năstase that the EU’s rules were there to be broken. There were no transparent criteria for entry. The negotiating
term. Education, technological development and innovation are areas where funding, if intelligently located, could help to transform a still underdeveloped country’s long term prospects. But like the Stability Pact for the Balkans set up in 1999 to promote growth and development and whose performance the EU disparaged, the EU’s own funding strategy appears to be very unimaginative and short term in its approach. This leaves the danger that funding will be intercepted or it will be absorbed in mediocre projects that make no impact on the ability of Balkan members to
military bases and any model of a European army leading to increasing military competition and arms race in the world’. Europe should be freed from nuclear weapons, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict solved according to UN resolutions; the ‘stability pact’ and the European Central Bank orientations should be changed to favour full employment and training, public services and a bold investment policy, and measures in gavour of the environment. The taxation of capital flows must be imposed. The EL promised to make sure the elected European institutions would ‘have more
policy approach was in accord with that being adopted at EU level, given its commitment to low inflation and low interest rates, tight controls on government borrowing and on the ratio of public debt to national income, and a stable exchange rate. EMU brought with it new challenges for those who joined the Eurozone. Notably, the criteria imposed through the Growth and Stability Pact limited the actions that member states could undertake to manage their economies. Governments were meant to adopt relatively uniform economic policy to avoid inflationary pressures and
making it into the police service. Nonetheless, statistics from 2001 show that 39 per cent of the police force were ex-KLA (UNMIK, 2001b). Working with international institutions, the KPS created an organised crime training programme. Part of this training involved coordination and cooperation with the regional bodies including the Organised Crime Training Network (OCTN), the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) Centre for Combating Organised Crime and the Stability Pact Initiative Against Organised Crime (SPOC).While there are continued concerns about
and organisations; the participation of local security sector actors in the central administration of relevant international organisations – such as NATO HQ in Brussels; the establishment of structured programmes – such as NATO’s PfP or the EU’s Stability Pact – that aim to coordinate recipient states’ security sector reforms with international
effect to the provision on carrier sanctions in the Schengen Implementing Convention.187 It has chosen to participate in all readmission agreements concluded with non-EU states. Since the 2002 Seville Council, cooperation with these countries has increased rapidly due to its prioritisation of controlling irregularised migration.188 Though not covered by the opt-out, Britain has been involved in schemes such as IMMPACT I and II with Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Project MARRI (the Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative), a part of the Stability