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these proposals with some of his own: international arbitration and, based on moral and social Darwinian arguments, the liberation of colonies.8 Anti-militarism as true internationalism As a result of the Kulturkampf and the introduction of the antisocialist laws, Domela Nieuwenhuis’s opinion of Germany became gradually more hostile: in the German Reich Prussia’s backwardness apparently set the tone.9 In 1879 he left the Lutheran Church and started to agitate for the rights of workers. He became a fully fledged social democrat, and began to view society from the
becomes a balance of interests, institutions and, ultimately, political power in society. Thus both chaos and tyranny are avoided. Liberalism has a number of key themes: the individual and his/her rights; an optimistic view of human nature; a belief in progress; a commitment to freedom; limited government; the economy and liberalism; a commitment to internationalism. The individual and his/her rights At the heart of liberalism is the
the interests of militarism and those of the armament makers and establish some international authority to settle points of difference among the nations by compulsory conciliation and arbitration, and to compel all nations to maintain peace.80 The aim of internationalism and the commitment to an international federation of nations was then formally incorporated into the Labour Party’s constitution, which was adopted in February 1918. This committed the party To co-operate with the Labour and Socialist organisations in other countries and to assist in organising a
the radical history and legacy of the 1930s and the character of that period’s brightest star, Aneurin Bevan;2 second was the interest in the small number of Labour MPs who argued for devolution as dissident supporters of the Parliament for Wales campaign between 1951 and 1956.3 It is as if there were two diametrically opposed Labour parties in Wales – one marked by its internationalism, socialist radicalism, centralisation and Britishness, the other marked by its commitment to the nation, Welshness and devolution.4 Other work undertaken by cultural historians and
increasingly hierarchical and gendered instrument of Soviet foreign policy. Nonetheless, communism’s ambition was to make socialism coterminous with humankind - in contrast to nationalist aspirations of coexistence with other nations. 2 Communists necessarily proclaimed internationalism, but first and foremost they had to come to terms with the societies in which they lived and worked. Assessing their national
Administration (UNTAA) delivering technical assistance. All were preoccupied with the challenging task of planning resettlement towns and new industrial settlements in a context of modernisation, industrialisation and socio-political ‘transition’. The chapter concludes by highlighting the role and valorisation of internationalism and local culture in architecture, and architecture’s role
-determination had hardened enough, the political environment was ripe for decolonization and large-scale small state creation. This highly accommodating environment remains in place today, and as a result new small states emerged during the post-Cold War and post-9/11 periods. 140 Small states in world politics Systems of collective security in twentieth-century world politics: from Wilsonianism to a “New World Order”2 and beyond Wilsonian Internationalism and the interwar years, 1919–39 As the First World War raged on, the US president Woodrow Wilson readied himself to
, and a political internationalism grounded in what Kelman’s friend and fellow Glasgow writer Tom Leonard calls an ‘international pattern’ of literary insurgency against standard English.13 Approaches to Scots and English by Kelman and Leonard, working from the starting point of the spoken vernacular, as well as the radically denaturalised versions of literary Scots that I will go on to explore in chapter two, take aim via Scots at the monolingualist myths of English: of its boundedness, orderliness, rationality, expressiveness, fairness, capacious sufficiency. In a
se. In fact, the Treasury and the British Empire share a long history of mutual support and profit. Rather, the Treasury sees other, modern forms of internationalism as being more beneficial to its own and the nation's economic interests. The third position, which has become increasingly strong across the political and professional classes over recent decades, espouses a modern liberal ideal of globalization, cooperation and cosmopolitanism. Leading figures in UK governments, from Margaret Thatcher to David Cameron
chapter 3 The First World War: a defeat borne of nationalist bloodshed The outbreak of hostilities in August 1914 was a calamitous defeat not just for humanity at large, but also for revolutionary socialism and internationalism. An undeniably imperialist war, the conflict was one in which ‘millions of people laid down their lives to wrest a few yards of land from the enemy’ (Deutscher, 1954: 212). Rosa Luxemburg recoiled in disgust at this exhibition of capitalist barbarism: ‘Shamed, dishonoured, wading in blood and dripping with filth … an orgy of anarchy … so