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10 Ombudsmen, commissioners and complaints One of the first areas for reform identified by the British Government following their intervention after the civil disturbances in 1969 was citizen grievances against decisions and actions by government agencies. This approach was developed and rolled out by the direct rule administrations, based firstly on copying measures from Great Britain which involved setting up institutional structures to deal with maladministration and discrimination. A second area of development covered human rights and equality and a third
imagined nation. This is evident in the persistence of institutional racism in many areas of social policy. The efficacy of The legacy of anti-Traveller racism 153 existing policies and legislation aimed at combating anti-Traveller discrimination and exclusion within Irish society is extremely questionable. The legacy of past state responses to Travellers is undeniably problematic both for Travellers and for new black and ethnic minority communities that have resulted from immigration. Shifting responses to Travellers The economic ‘take-off that began in the late
The book explores the relationship between violence against women on one hand, and the rights to health and reproductive health on the other. It argues that violation of the right to health is a consequence of violence, and that (state) health policies might be a cause of – or create the conditions for – violence against women. It significantly contributes to feminist and international human rights legal scholarship by conceptualising a new ground-breaking idea, violence against women’s health (VAWH), using the Hippocratic paradigm as the backbone of the analysis. The two dimensions of violence at the core of the book – the horizontal, ‘interpersonal’ dimension and the vertical ‘state policies’ dimension – are investigated through around 70 decisions of domestic, regional and international judicial or quasi-judicial bodies (the anamnesis). The concept of VAWH, drawn from the anamnesis, enriches the traditional concept of violence against women with a human rights-based approach to autonomy and a reflection on the pervasiveness of patterns of discrimination (diagnosis). VAWH as theorised in the book allows the reconceptualisation of states’ obligations in an innovative way, by identifying for both dimensions obligations of result, due diligence obligations, and obligations to progressively take steps (treatment). The book eventually asks whether it is not international law itself that is the ultimate cause of VAWH (prognosis).
practices in order to reduce competition with immigrants. Discrimination is difficult to detect in data depicting labour market outcomes: if a minority group has a high unemployment rate, is this due to the characteristics of the group or to unobserved discrimination? As noted above, most studies of immigrants’ outcomes in the labour market in Ireland take account of differences in relevant factors, such as gender and education, so the question remains as to whether unexplained residual differences in outcomes between natives and immigrants can be attributed to
completely dominated by men. She demonstrated that ‘patriarchy’ was in fact a complete system of oppression of women. Women suffered not only discrimination in fields such as employment, education and the arts, they were also being denied opportunities to realise their full potential. From the moment of birth, she complained, gender stereotypes are encouraged which suggest that men are superior. This went much further than the women’s movement had ever gone before, representing a radical analysis of a maledominated society and implying similarly radical measures to combat
and through embodied experiences. In Crenshaw’s seminal piece, she used the term to critique anti-discrimination law which, through its single-axis framework as she described it, was erasing the multidimensionality of Black women’s experiences (Crenshaw, 1989 : 139). Crenshaw gives examples of a number of U.S. court cases in which the courts insisted claims by Black women
This chapter examines the extent to which Roma have their human rights realised in Ireland. It examines, from an intersectional perspective, how the operations, interactions and patterns of subordination, including racism and discrimination based on gender, ethnicity and migrant status, are embedded in institutions, legislation and policy, resulting in the exclusion and marginalisation of Roma. This research is based on interviews conducted by Roma with 108 Roma respondents, who provided information on a further 491 household members as
thirty years of direct engagement with Travellers 4 and fifteen years with the Roma community living in Ireland. 5 We recognised the need for solidarity between Roma and Irish Travellers based on shared experiences of racism and discrimination, and common cultural traditions including nomadism. We have worked directly with Roma living in Ireland since 1998 and we officially changed our name from Pavee Point to the Pavee Point Traveller and Roma Centre in 2012. The Centre has made significant contributions to the development of both local and
MUP FINAL PROOF – <STAGE>, 01/16/2014, SPi 8 Voters of the Far Right and legislative implementation in practice This chapter offers a comparison drawn between the typical Far Right voter living in the Balkans and his counterpart in Western Europe. The second part of the chapter examines hate speech laws (their integration into the legal system and enforcement), activities which promote and incite racial discrimination and other legal issues affecting Far Right parties in the region. Voters of the Far Right Voters in the third wave of Right-wing radicalism in
identified as a contributory factor in causing the Notting Hill riots of 1958, but with the potential repercussions of civic unrest for the UK’s relationship with the Commonwealth. This chapter seeks to demonstrate that contemporary British immigration policy – comprising border controls, the promotion of integration and anti-discrimination legislation – is, to a significant extent, the legacy of the post