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control the development of the system through international and intergovernmental organisations. The WTO, the IMF, the EU, NATO and a host of similar bodies were mostly set up to underwrite the US-led post-1945 system, but they have gained renewed prominence because of globalisation. (2006: 95) 07c Globalisation 164-190 176 2/2/11 15:11 Page 176 Globalisation and ideology in Britain These institutions are therefore said to ‘police’ the global economy, in order to ‘enforce the complex relationships between trade, investment and economic growth’ (Middleton, 2005
interest. The enunciators are quite varied and, in the corpus analysed, NGOs are the most represented voice followed by newsmedia, intergovernmental organisations (in particular the UNHCR) and governmental organisations.13 The reports seem to have no voice of their own: the text is almost entirely inside quote marks. The passages that are not quotes merely introduce the quotations, through presentation sentences without any marker of opinion. The main consequence of this style of presentation is that the enunciator of the reports (the COIS) tends to erase itself from the
piecemeal evolution and whose agents would be members of various national and transnational elites, the role of which could not be characterised as strictly ‘political’. More recent neo-functionalists would argue that the EU is a sui generis polity, that we cannot view it in the same light as a state or an intergovernmental organisation and that we need to judge it as it is, looking at its novelty and unique advantages as well as what we understand to be its disadvantages. Such judgements may result in our thinking that we need to reconsider the way in which we
other’. 63 See, e.g., Final Act of the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts, which produced the two Protocols: ‘National Liberation Movements recognised by the Regional Intergovernmental Organisation concerned and invited by the Conference
Liberation Organisations recognised by the regional Intergovernmental Organisations concerned’, Final Act 1977, Schindler and Toman, 699. The PLO actually appended its signature to the Final Act. 46 The fact that a person is a member of the forces of a state establishes his right to be treated as a prisoner of war
, businesses and representatives of intergovernmental organisations (IOs)) and four Chinese academics. Apart from the formal, semi-structured, and mostly recorded interviews, I also conducted many informal face-to-face conversations, interviews over social media, and maintained correspondence with NGO leaders, migrant workers coming to these NGOs, FAs and academics in China – in some cases long after I had finished my participant observation part of the fieldwork – which brings the total number of interviews to around a hundred. The cities of Beijing
committed by States, intergovernmental organisations or non-state actors, including private persons and armed groups, remains pervasive in all countries of the world, with high levels of impunity’. CEDAW General Recommendation 35 (14 July 2017) UN Doc CEDAW/C/GC/35. 19 Ibid
violations. 150 Her allegations were supported by the abundant information contained in reports of intergovernmental organisations and NGOs of rapes by security forces in Peru as part of their campaign to intimidate, humiliate and punish civilians suspected of collaborating with insurgents. Such rapes were committed with impunity and the Commission noted that there were no effective domestic remedies within
Greenpeace (in the first opinion) and the WWF (in both opinions). The ITLOS stated, however, that while not part of the case file, the statements would be placed on its website and also transmitted to the States parties, relevant intergovernmental organisations and the ISA (in the case of the 2011 Opinion) and the SRFC (in the case of the 2015 Opinion). 62 Annex VII tribunals
employers were White British citizens. To gather a broader range of perspectives on domestic service, I also conducted a small number of interviews with relatives of domestic workers, trade union officials, and staff from ‘maid centre’ employment agencies and relevant intergovernmental organisations (IGOs) and NGOs. 80 Most interviews were conducted in Lusaka, but I also carried