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4062 building a peace economy_2652Prelims 25/11/2013 15:06 Page 69 4 Transforming a war economy: learning from the case of Kosovo AVING BUILT up a preliminary framework in the previous chapter through which war economies and transformation policies can be assessed, the case of Kosovo and transformation policies implemented by the DSI following the conflict there will be analysed, not simply to test the framework but to build and improve upon it. As a starting point, it is important to note that the conflict in Kosovo has primarily been analysed in relation to
There has been a tendency among historians to view the great wars as watersheds in the narrative of history. It is perhaps useful then to consider whether the inter-war years brought significant change in the images forged before the First World War, or whether the patterns of representation set in an earlier
3 Wainwright’s War ‘War’, Winston Churchill observed prophetically in 1906 ‘is fatal to Liberalism.’1 Churchill had already witnessed the damaging effect on liberal values and Liberal fortunes of the Boer War: the Party had been split between ‘Liberal Imperialists’ supporting the Conservative Government’s campaign in South Africa, and those such as Lloyd George who were bitterly opposed, resulting in a heavy defeat at the 1900 General Election. The First World War caused a fundamental schism amongst Liberals, with Cabinet resignations and backbench rebellions
Introduction ‘War is never civilised’, British Prime Minister Tony Blair declared on 10 June 1999, ‘but war can be necessary to uphold civilisation.’ 1 On that day, seventy-eight days of war were brought to an end by the assertion that they had secured the principles on which the post-Cold War European order was founded. For that reason the Kosovo
Chapter 8 The Hundred Years War The Hundred Years War, which in fact lasted intermittently from about 1337 to 1453, was a struggle between the English and French kings. It was but one of a number of conflicts which plagued Europe in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries, such as the advance of the Ottoman Turks, the Hussite wars in Germany, the campaigns of Philip the Good and Charles the Bold, and the wars in Italy. But it is a conflict which illustrates well many of the changes in warfare that are relevant to this study. It saw the reappearance
8 At war with empire: the anti-colonial roots of American anarchist debates during the First World War Kenyon Zimmer After members of the Young Bosnia movement assassinated the Hapsburg heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, the New York Times sought out anarchist Alexander Berkman’s thoughts on the killing. Berkman speculated that credit for the act was due to ‘[t]he anarchists, the revolutionists, and the strong republican faction’ in the Balkans, a quote that inspired the newspaper’s sensationalist headline, ‘Calls It Anarchist Plot’.1
Between 1816 and 2001 the world experienced 462 wars (298 of which were civil wars) in addition to two world wars (Wimmer and Min 2009 ). As the interviews in this chapter will show, wars come in many different forms. Past research has tried to categorize and construct various typologies of wars, sorting them into types based on their location, which actors are involved, how long they last, which means of warfare are used, their aims, who is involved in combat, how destructive they are, the total (battle) death count
4 Writers at war Bertrand Russell was just one man largely thinking and acting alone – and therein rests his reputation. But to what extent – whether in private or public – did similar anti-war concerns to those of Russell and the Bloomsbury circle express themselves among the intelligentsia? The bulk of the evidence derives from the letters that sped back and forth between contemporary writers, artists and thinkers, during a time of unexpected conflict – a conflict that provoked much doubt and debate. In common with Bertrand Russell, E.M. Forster believed the
4 War and order One of the most pervasive myths reiterated in Hollywood movies is the narrative of virtuous and hence legitimate order – the story of the good nation, the good society, and legitimate leadership and authority. Films which focus on order, on ‘us’, elicit a sense of identification with ‘home’, linking not only self and collective but also citizen and nation in positive, active constructions of security. This construction of security is found in a relatively limited array of genres. By contrast, those which concentrate on disorder, fear of them
4 Against imperialism and war Wilkinson’s anti-imperialism involved domestic campaigning, attendance at international conferences, travel to the sites of colonial repression and a network of anti-colonial activist acquaintances. Until 1939, Wilkinson linked war and imperialism, participating in both antiwar and anti-imperialist campaigns. Her work within the movements was not easily compartmentalised, sometimes occurring through the vehicle of the women’s or the Labour movement. Movements merged, separated out, transcended their old boundaries, each with their