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immigration and asylum law via protocols to the 1999 Amsterdam Treaty.167 Unlike Denmark, which does not have the option of opting in, Britain and Ireland can choose whether to participate in legislation on immigration and asylum. These opt-outs were secured following the European Council’s 205 EL-ENANY PRINT.indd 205 02/01/2020 13:38 (B)ordering Britain agreement in 1999 to work towards building a Common European Asylum System in accordance with the Refugee Convention.168 The system was to be part of an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) described in Article
203 , 28–34 . Ippolito , F. ( 2019 ). Vulnerability as a normative argument for accommodating ‘justice’ within the AFSJ . European Law Journal 25 , 544–60 . Kotzé , M. ( 2019 ). Whose reproductive health matters? A Christian ethical reflection on reproductive technology and exclusion . In M. Kotzé , N