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Learn the rules like a pro, so you can break them like an artist. (Attributed to Pablo Picasso) Introduction: global acupuncture and bodies on treatment Acupuncture is an essential part of East Asian medicine. A peculiar way of diagnosing and treating people via meridians inside their bodies punctuated by regulatory points, it is a simple yet sophisticated art of healing that has been used
insecticides for malaria). During this first period, drugs and clinical care played a role that was secondary to prevention strategies, which mobilized vaccines as well as social control techniques in the fight against infectious diseases. These programmes appeared critical to the reconstruction of post-war Europe as well as for the stabilization of African and Asian colonies (Staples, 2006 ). This landscape started to shift in the 1960s, partly as a result of two major changes: on the one hand, the new socio-political climate, associated with the Cold
What does global health stem from, when is it born, how does it relate to the contemporary world order? This book explores the origins of global health, a new regime of health intervention in countries of the global South, born around 1990. It proposes an encompassing view of the transition from international public health to global health, bringing together historians and anthropologists to explore the relationship between knowledge, practices and policies. It aims at interrogating two gaps left by historical and anthropological studies of the governance of health outside Europe and North America. The first is a temporal gap between the historiography of international public health through the 1970s and the numerous anthropological studies of global health in the present. The second originates in problems of scale. Macro-inquiries of institutions and politics, and micro-investigations of local configurations, abound. The book relies on a stronger engagement between history and anthropology, i.e. the harnessing of concepts (circulation, scale, transnationalism) crossing both of them, and on four domains of intervention: tuberculosis, mental health, medical genetics and traditional (Asian) medicines. The volume analyses how the new modes of ‘interventions on the life of others’ recently appeared, why they blur the classical divides between North and South and how they relate to the more general neoliberal turn in politics and economy. The book is meant for academics, students and health professionals interested in new discussions about the transnational circulation of drugs, bugs, therapies, biomedical technologies and people in the context of the ‘neoliberal turn’ in development practices.
Since their emergence in Italy in 1968, ultras have become the most dominant style of football fandom in the world. Since its inception, the ultras style has spread from Southern Europe across North Africa to Northern and Eastern Europe, South East Asia and North America. This book argues that ultras are an important site of enquiry into understanding contemporary society. They are a passionate, politically engaged collective that base their identity around a form of consumption (football) that links to modern notions of identity like masculinity and nationalism. The book seeks to make a clear theoretical shift in studies of football fandom. While it sits in the body of literature focused on political mobilisations, social movements and hooliganism, it emphasises more fundamental sociological questions about group formation, notably collective performances and emotional relationships. By focusing on the common form of expression through the performance of choreographies, chants and sustained support throughout the match, this book shows how members build an emotional attachment to their club that valorises the colours and symbols of that team, whilst mobilising members against opponents. It does this through recognising the importance of gender, politics and violence to the expression of ultras fandom, as well as how this is presented on social media and within the stadium through specular choreographies.
The ultras style of football fandom emerged in 1960s Italy and has spread across Europe and the Mediterranean, to North America and Asia. This is not a history of the ultras, but an analysis of the way history has been used and incorporated into the ultras’ performance. History is an important foundation of ultras groups. It can act as an ‘invented tradition’ where ultras integrate historical narratives of their club, city and nation to present themselves to others. This chapter illustrates some of the many ways in which history has been incorporated into the development of the ultras style.
occupation. This state of affairs emerged from the confluence of socio-political forces and events which shaped the territory’s path towards independence and beyond. Very briefly, post-war independent Malaysia was born amidst inter-racial strife; a fragile union forged from the fires of the Malayan Emergency – a decade-long post-war insurrection instigated by a largely ethnic Chinese communist guerrilla force.8 Intent on preventing the development of ‘another Palestine’ or ‘Balkans of Asia’, the reoccupying British colonial administration enshrined the privileged status
, massacres which continually widen our notions of these human catastrophes. Asia, for instance, has been scarred not only by the Great Chinese Famine, which, according to some estimates, claimed up to 40 million victims during the policy of the ‘Great Leap Forward’,5 but also by the Cambodian genocide, which resulted in 1.5 million deaths between 1975 and 1979,6 along with the mass violence committed in Indonesia under the Suharto regime, which has to be considered in terms of both its political and its ethnic character.7 HRMV.indb 1 01/09/2014 17:28:32 2 Élisabeth
nation-state has been adopted globally as a blueprint, especially following the post-Second World War wave of decolonisation in Africa, Asia and Oceania as well as the post-cold war break-up of Czechoslovakia, the USSR and Yugoslavia. Although some elements of the languages of stateness, as Hansen and Stepputat (2001) name it, are easily recognisable in all nation-states (e.g. national symbols such as flags, coats of arms, anthems; the rituals of protocol; presence of a state bureaucracy), the local variants of the languages and their understandings, as it were, may
forested plateau in the west of Cambodia, in search of a village to play host to my new project. The name of one sub-district, snam preah, grabbed my attention. Snam preah means ‘mark of the sacred one’ in Khmer, and usually refers to the footprints of the Buddha, whose travels, according to legend, took him through all the Theravada Buddhist societies of SouthEast Asia. Yet snam also denotes bodily scars. Since the Khmer language itself had led me in this direction, I refocused my attention away from the ‘body’ towards the landscape, and from the HRMV.indb 147 01
circumstances. Studies conducted in Europe and Asia in the 1950s supported his contention that rural schizophrenia was not uncommon. Asian studies also found, similarly to Lambo, that the form of schizophrenia among non-westernized individuals tended to follow the pattern of aggression, excitement and confusional state, following a course of acute onset but relatively benign long-term prognosis (WHO, 1973 : 25–30). Cross-cultural studies also found, in concordance with Lambo, that symptom content varied culturally. The results of the McGill study in 1960 indicated that, at