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10 Remembering the Japanese occupation massacres: mass graves in post-war Malaysia Frances Tay The violence visited upon British Malaya during the Japanese occupation of December 1941 to August 1945 has prompted several historians to evoke comparisons with the atrocities that befell Nanjing.1 During this time, numerous civilians were subjected to mass killings, summary executions, rape, forced labour, arbitrary detention, and torture. In particular, the shukusei (cleansing) or daikensho (big inspection) operation of February to April 1942 – known locally as the
and transformation being enacted. Because of the colonialist provenance of the archive, I want to take my lead in investigating ‘collection’ from historian Maya Jasanoff, whose book The Edges of Empire is an attempt to reread colonial expansion – and particularly British colonial expansion between 1750 and 1850 – as itself a practice of collecting. She does so by focusing on the perspective of the collectors of artefacts and objects who populated the edges of empire, asking (in her words) how ‘real people’ experienced imperial expansion from within. She writes: I do
” allows us, in fact, mandates us to take these patients to “a place of safety” and treatment, on Certificate of Urgency.’ According to the news report, he compared the operation to the ‘sectioning’ of patients under the British Mental Health Act, claiming that as a result ‘mental patients were not found on the streets of London, except destitute or homeless’. He added: ‘Insistence that a vagrant psychotic, who lives in his own world, should give informed consent is standing logic on its head and does not show enough appreciation of the nature of mental illness
’) and industrialisation. Obviously, propertied interests in Scotland benefited from these twinned processes of modernisation, but nationalists at least could attribute their destructive consequences to foreign influence. Richard Grove traces what he sees as the ‘pre-eminently Scottish phenomenon’ of ‘the critique of the environmental impact of settlement in the British colonial empire’ to ‘the accelerating rate of deforestation in much of Scotland after the Union, aided by deliberate military burning and the advent of the iron-smelting industry
). He argued that there should be four lines connecting Belgrade to Istanbul, Scutari to Belgrade, Larissa to Belgrade via Thessaloniki, and Istanbul to the Adriatic Coast (Gounaris 1993 , 37). 5 Although there were initiatives by the French and British consuls in Salonika in the 1860s, the first tangible initiative took place on 31 March 1868 with the signing of the preliminary contract between the Ottoman government (Sublime Porte) and Laugrand Dumonceau, representative of a
useful, however, to highlight the British style as this becomes a continuous counterpoint for how the ultras style is either differentiated from hooliganism, or how it incorporates aspects of it. Hooligans were predominantly masculine in composition, fairly organic in structure, and rather than having a clear leader they were headed by a collection of dominant older men. Fights ranged from spontaneous encounters with rival fans, usually in relation DOIDGE__9780719027624_Print.indd 73 08/01/2020 10:19 74 Ultras to masculine notions of taking territory like rival
(mental) health with the practice of global history. Nationalism, anti-colonialism and Nigerian psychiatry In the Nigerian context the transformation of colonial psychiatry into a cross-cultural and global psychiatry was spearheaded mostly by indigenous Nigerian psychiatrists, trained in British or British-modelled universities and hospitals in the 1950s and 1960s, who took over mental health institutions as part of Nigerian decolonization and practised in the first few decades after independence in 1960. Initially, these
). 15 See www.worldbank.org/en/topic/pandemics/brief/pandemic-emergency-facility-frequently-asked-questions (accessed 17 December 2015). References Abbasi , K. ( 1999 ) ‘ The World Bank and World Health: Changing Sides ’, British Medical Journal 318 ( 7187 ), 865–869 . Abdullah
, 28:7–8, 158–172. Pile, Steve (2000) ‘Sleepwalking the modern city: Walter Benjamin and Sigmund Freud in the world of dreams’, in Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson (eds), A Companion to the City. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 127–153. Pile, Steve (2010) ‘Emotions and affect in recent human geography’, Transactions of the Association of British Geographers, 35(1): 5–21. Pinder, David (2011) ‘Errant paths: the poetics and politics of walking’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 29: 672–692. Pinder, David (2001) ‘Ghostly footsteps: voices, memories and walks in the
to draw up a list of all the deceased citizens of the allied nations, providing all available details of their names, nationalities and the circumstances of their deaths. Similar statutes were passed in the British and American zones.16 In the French zone, by the summer of 1946, out of a total of 5,200 communes, 5,090 had provided documents, including 3,959 legal records, 4,600 death certificates and details of 3,982 graves that had been identified. Similar figures were produced in the British and American zones. The French search mission was under the charge of