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. 6 The Washington Group on Disability Statistics (New York, 4–6 June 2001) has developed both short and extended sets of standard functioning questions. 7 This phrase was coined by Patel et al. (2018) . 8 Differential exposure results from increased low-paid frontline work (e.g. in
have. This is not a problem until a situation arises which presents an existential threat and a paradigm shift is required purely for survival, which was of course the rationale that the original ALNAP study gave for innovation. This rationale draws on the idea of creative destruction, the phrase coined by Joseph Schumpeter to describe how the ‘fundamental impulse that sets and keeps the capitalist engine in motion comes from the new consumers’ goods, the new methods of production or transportation
bodies. The term ‘celebrity humanitarianism’ was coined to recognise the expanding ambit for celebritised forms of global humanitarian and charity work, though the phenomenon has accompanied humanitarianism from its early days ( Richey, 2016a ). The historical roots of Affleck’s twenty-first-century celebrity humanitarianism to ‘save’ the Congo can be traced back to Victorian-era work on behalf of overseas causes by E. D. Morel 3 and his countrymen ( Brockington, 2014
museums therefore resembled what Angela Jannelli has called ‘wild museums’ ( Jannelli, 2012 ; Thiemeyer, 2018 : 95): They were stuffed with a dizzying wealth of objects, ranging from coins to medical equipment, often presented along pragmatic lines and without regard for newer museum concepts or a contextualizing storyline. Some museums also presented typical sceneries of Red Cross work, for example by showing the life-size doll of a Red Cross nurse in
commitment to producing more ‘positive’ images played out in ad campaigns by the British NGO Christian Aid in the 1990s. Although positive images are preferable to negative ones, Lidchi argues that they are also two sides of the same coin, one that leaves unchallenged the basic question of whether ‘a realist, or documentary mode, of representation’ (292) is most apt since it ‘prevents new modes of representation from emerging’ (284). Focusing on the ethical
Data-informed advocacy is a familiar occurrence in humanitarian circles. Powers showed how activism and information provision were conceptualised as two sides of the same coin. Activism was considered a guiding value in their information production function, while information was perceived ‘as a key component of successful advocacy’ ( Powers, 2016 : 411). In Redfield’s study of MSF, he describes this practice as ‘an overtly motivated form of scientific research, finding
an assemblage. 3 I borrow this concept from the philosophers Deleuze and Guattari as they coined it in A Thousand Plateaus ( 2004 ). They introduce the concept of agencement that is generally translated as assemblage in English to capture the intricate interplay of agency and structure, contingency and structuration, change and organisation. 4 Important is the fact that ‘assemblages select elements from the milieus (the surroundings, the context, the mediums) in which the assemblages work’ ( Macgregor Wise, 2005 : 78). Therefore, it is needed to
The phenomenon of pre-conditions, or to coin a phrase ‘WTO conditionality’, from an implementation perspective has not been widely considered as such. Yet ‘pre-conditions’ as a technique for ensuring or facilitating the observance of the WTO code are a method employed by the WTO. It is of particular significance at the time of the accession of a
reflects its capacity to autonomously contribute to the formation of customary international law. The aim of the following pages will be to describe an alternative framework able to reconcile these two faces of the same coin. Consider this paradox: while certain institutional organs play a major part in the identification and application of customary law, they refuse to acknowledge the role of their organization. For instance, the International Court of Justice actively contributes to the identification of customary law while avoiding taking a stance on the role of the
The book explores the relationship between violence against women on one hand, and the rights to health and reproductive health on the other. It argues that violation of the right to health is a consequence of violence, and that (state) health policies might be a cause of – or create the conditions for – violence against women. It significantly contributes to feminist and international human rights legal scholarship by conceptualising a new ground-breaking idea, violence against women’s health (VAWH), using the Hippocratic paradigm as the backbone of the analysis. The two dimensions of violence at the core of the book – the horizontal, ‘interpersonal’ dimension and the vertical ‘state policies’ dimension – are investigated through around 70 decisions of domestic, regional and international judicial or quasi-judicial bodies (the anamnesis). The concept of VAWH, drawn from the anamnesis, enriches the traditional concept of violence against women with a human rights-based approach to autonomy and a reflection on the pervasiveness of patterns of discrimination (diagnosis). VAWH as theorised in the book allows the reconceptualisation of states’ obligations in an innovative way, by identifying for both dimensions obligations of result, due diligence obligations, and obligations to progressively take steps (treatment). The book eventually asks whether it is not international law itself that is the ultimate cause of VAWH (prognosis).